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Question-1. What is XML?
Answer-1: XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a markup language designed to store and transport data in a structured format.
Question-2. What are the main features of XML?
Answer-2: XML is platform-independent, self-descriptive, supports nested structures, and is both human- and machine-readable.
Question-3. What is the file extension for XML files?
Answer-3: XML files typically use the .xml extension.
Question-4. What is the difference between XML and HTML?
Answer-4: XML is designed for data storage and transport, while HTML is designed for displaying data in web browsers.
Question-5. Is XML case-sensitive?
Answer-5: Yes, XML is case-sensitive.
Question-6. What is a well-formed XML document?
Answer-6: A well-formed XML document follows the basic syntax rules of XML, such as proper nesting and closed tags.
Question-7. What is a valid XML document?
Answer-7: A valid XML document is both well-formed and adheres to a specific DTD or XML Schema.
Question-8. What is an XML element?
Answer-8: XML elements are building blocks defined using tags, consisting of an opening tag, optional content, and a closing tag.
Question-9. How do you define attributes in XML?
Answer-9: Attributes provide additional information about elements and are defined within the opening tag. Example:
Question-10. What is the difference between XML elements and attributes?
Answer-10: Elements hold data in nested tags, while attributes provide metadata within a tag.
Question-11. What is CDATA in XML?
Answer-11: CDATA is a section of an XML document where characters are not parsed as markup.
Question-12. What are namespaces in XML?
Answer-12: Namespaces are used to avoid naming conflicts in XML documents by providing a unique identifier for elements and attributes.
Question-13. What is an XML Schema?
Answer-13: An XML Schema defines the structure, content, and data types of XML documents.
Question-14. What is a DTD in XML?
Answer-14: DTD (Document Type Definition) defines the structure and legal elements of an XML document.
Question-15. What is the purpose of an XML declaration?
Answer-15: The XML declaration specifies version, encoding, and standalone properties for the document.
Question-16. What is the syntax of an XML declaration?
Answer-16: Example: .
Question-17. How do you comment in XML?
Answer-17: Use to add comments in XML.
Question-18. What is an empty element in XML?
Answer-18: An empty element is one that has no content and is closed within the opening tag. Example:
Question-19. How do you handle special characters in XML?
Answer-19: Use character entities like <, >, &, ', and " to represent special characters.
Question-20. What is the difference between XML and JSON?
Answer-20: XML is verbose and supports attributes, while JSON is more lightweight and uses a key-value format.
Question-21. What is the role of XPath in XML?
Answer-21: XPath is a language for navigating and querying elements and attributes in an XML document.
Question-22. How do you transform XML into another format?
Answer-22: Use XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) to transform XML into other formats like HTML or plain text.
Question-23. What is an XML parser?
Answer-23: An XML parser reads XML documents, checks for correctness, and makes data available for processing.
Question-24. What is the difference between DOM and SAX parsers?
Answer-24: DOM loads the entire document into memory for tree-based access, while SAX processes XML sequentially, event-driven.
Question-25. What is the root element in XML?
Answer-25: The root element is the top-level element that contains all other elements in the XML document.
Question-26. How do you define multiple namespaces in an XML document?
Answer-26: Use xmlns:prefix="namespaceURI" for each namespace in the opening tag of the root or relevant elements.
Question-27. What are processing instructions in XML?
Answer-27: Processing instructions provide instructions to applications about processing the XML document. Example: .
Question-28. Can XML be used for configuration files?
Answer-28: Yes, XML is widely used for configuration files in applications due to its hierarchical structure.
Question-29. What is XLink in XML?
Answer-29: XLink is used to create hyperlinks in XML documents.
Question-30. What is XPointer in XML?
Answer-30: XPointer is a language for addressing parts of an XML document.
Question-31. Can XML documents have multiple root elements?
Answer-31: No, an XML document must have only one root element.
Question-32. What is the purpose of XML encoding?
Answer-32: XML encoding specifies the character set used in the document. Example: UTF-8 or UTF-16.
Question-33. What is the use of in XML?
Answer-33: CDATA sections allow including content that should not be treated as XML.
Question-34. Can XML elements have multiple attributes?
Answer-34: Yes, XML elements can have multiple attributes, separated by spaces.
Question-35. What is an XML fragment?
Answer-35: An XML fragment is a portion of an XML document that is not necessarily a complete document.
Question-36. How do you handle large XML files?
Answer-36: Use streaming parsers like SAX or StAX to handle large XML files without loading the entire document into memory.
Question-37. What is the difference between xsi:type and xsi:nil in XML Schema?
Answer-37: xsi:type defines the data type of an element, while xsi:nil indicates that an element has no value (is null).
Question-38. How do you validate an XML document against a Schema?
Answer-38: Use XML validation tools or libraries in programming languages like Java or Python.
Question-39. What is XML serialization?
Answer-39: XML serialization converts an object's state into an XML format for storage or transmission.
Question-40. What is XML deserialization?
Answer-40: XML deserialization converts XML data back into an object in a programming language.
Question-41. Can XML be encrypted?
Answer-41: Yes, XML can be encrypted using XML Encryption standards for secure data transmission.
Question-42. What are some applications of XML?
Answer-42: Applications include data storage, configuration files, web services (SOAP), and document formats like SVG.
Question-43. What is the difference between XSL and XSLT?
Answer-43: XSL is a broader term for XML transformations, while XSLT is specifically for transforming XML documents.
Question-44. What are XML external entities?
Answer-44: External entities refer to resources outside the XML document.
Question-45. What is an XML document type declaration?
Answer-45: It specifies the DTD or schema used to validate the XML document.
Question-46. Can XML have empty tags?
Answer-46: Yes, empty tags are written as
Question-47. How do you represent Boolean values in XML?
Answer-47: XML does not have a Boolean data type; you can use strings like true/false or 1/0.
Question-48. What is the purpose of XML comments?
Answer-48: XML comments are used for adding notes or explanations, which are ignored by parsers.
Question-49. Can XML contain binary data?
Answer-49: Not directly; binary data must be encoded, such as using Base64.
Question-50. What is the use of xml:lang?
Answer-50: xml:lang specifies the language of an XML element's content.
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