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Question-1. What is Ruby?
Answer-1: Ruby is an object-oriented, dynamic programming language known for its simplicity and productivity.
Question-2. What are Ruby's key features?
Answer-2: Key features include dynamic typing, garbage collection, object-oriented design, and metaprogramming.
Question-3. What is the difference between puts, print, and p in Ruby?
Answer-3: puts adds a newline, print does not, and p shows a more detailed representation of objects.
Question-4. What are Ruby's data types?
Answer-4: Common types include String, Integer, Float, Array, Hash, Symbol, and NilClass.
Question-5. What is a Ruby variable?
Answer-5: A variable is a reference to an object and can be of types like local, instance, class, or global.
Question-6. How do you define a method in Ruby?
Answer-6: Use the def keyword followed by the method name and optional parameters. Example: def method_name; end.
Question-7. What are Ruby's access control methods?
Answer-7: Ruby provides public, protected, and private methods to control access.
Question-8. What is a block in Ruby?
Answer-8: A block is a chunk of code enclosed in do...end or {...} that can be passed to methods.
Question-9. What is the difference between Proc and Lambda?
Answer-9: Both are objects for blocks, but lambda checks the number of arguments, while Proc does not.
Question-10. What is Ruby's yield keyword?
Answer-10: yield transfers control from a method to an associated block of code.
Question-11. What are Ruby's iterators?
Answer-11: Iterators like each, map, and select are methods that loop through elements in collections.
Question-12. What is the difference between require and load in Ruby?
Answer-12: require loads a file once; load loads it every time it's called.
Question-13. What is the difference between require and include?
Answer-13: require loads external files; include mixes a module's methods into a class.
Question-14. What is a Ruby module?
Answer-14: A module is a collection of methods and constants, used for namespaces and mix-ins.
Question-15. How does Ruby handle inheritance?
Answer-15: Ruby allows single inheritance; classes inherit from one superclass.
Question-16. What is the difference between class and module in Ruby?
Answer-16: Classes support instantiation and inheritance; modules are used for mix-ins and cannot be instantiated.
Question-17. What is Ruby's garbage collection?
Answer-17: Ruby uses automatic garbage collection to free memory by removing unused objects.
Question-18. What are Ruby's symbols?
Answer-18: Symbols are immutable, memory-efficient identifiers, often used as keys in hashes.
Question-19. What is the difference between == and === in Ruby?
Answer-19: == checks value equality; === is used for case statements and matches patterns or types.
Question-20. What is the purpose of the initialize method in Ruby?
Answer-20: initialize is a special method called when an object is instantiated.
Question-21. How do you handle exceptions in Ruby?
Answer-21: Use begin, rescue, ensure, and optionally else blocks to handle exceptions.
Question-22. What is the purpose of Ruby's raise keyword?
Answer-22: raise generates an exception, optionally with a custom error message.
Question-23. What is the difference between Array and Hash in Ruby?
Answer-23: Arrays are ordered collections; Hashes are key-value pairs.
Question-24. What are Ruby's mixins?
Answer-24: Mixins are modules included in classes to add shared behavior without inheritance.
Question-25. How do you define a class in Ruby?
Answer-25: Use the class keyword followed by the class name. Example: class ClassName; end.
Question-26. What is Ruby's singleton class?
Answer-26: A singleton class allows you to define methods for a single object.
Question-27. What are Ruby's attr_accessor, attr_reader, and attr_writer?
Answer-27: These are shortcuts for creating getter, setter, or both methods for instance variables.
Question-28. What is the difference between nil and false in Ruby?
Answer-28: Both are falsy, but nil represents the absence of a value; false is a Boolean value.
Question-29. What is the super keyword in Ruby?
Answer-29: super calls the same method in the superclass, passing arguments to it automatically.
Question-30. What is a mixin in Ruby?
Answer-30: A mixin is a module mixed into a class to add shared functionality.
Question-31. What are Ruby's control structures?
Answer-31: Control structures include if, unless, case, while, for, and until.
Question-32. What is Ruby's method lookup path?
Answer-32: Ruby searches for methods in the class, included modules, superclass, and ancestors.
Question-33. What is Ruby's Enumerable module?
Answer-33: Enumerable provides collection traversal and searching methods, commonly used with arrays and hashes.
Question-34. What is the difference between to_s and inspect?
Answer-34: to_s returns a string representation for display; inspect returns a string for debugging.
Question-35. What are Ruby's predefined global variables?
Answer-35: Examples include $LOAD_PATH, $0, and $_.
Question-36. What is the difference between == and eql??
Answer-36: == checks value equality; eql? checks both value and type equality.
Question-37. What are Ruby's scopes for variables?
Answer-37: Scopes include local, instance (@), class (@@), and global ($) variables.
Question-38. What is the difference between clone and dup in Ruby?
Answer-38: clone copies an object's state and frozen state; dup excludes the frozen state.
Question-39. How does Ruby support threads?
Answer-39: Ruby provides Thread class for creating and managing threads.
Question-40. What is the difference between map and collect in Ruby?
Answer-40: They are aliases and both transform arrays or collections.
Question-41. How do you create a hash in Ruby?
Answer-41: Use curly braces: { key => value }.
Question-42. What is the difference between freeze and constant in Ruby?
Answer-42: freeze makes an object immutable; constants are variables whose values should not change.
Question-43. What is Ruby's self keyword?
Answer-43: self refers to the current object.
Question-44. What is a monkey patch in Ruby?
Answer-44: A monkey patch is a modification or addition to a class or module at runtime.
Question-45. How does Ruby implement polymorphism?
Answer-45: Through method overriding, duck typing, and dynamic dispatch.
Question-46. What is the purpose of the method_missing method in Ruby?
Answer-46: method_missing is called when an undefined method is invoked on an object.
Question-47. What are Ruby's metaprogramming capabilities?
Answer-47: Ruby allows runtime changes to classes and objects using features like define_method and method_missing.
Question-48. What is the difference between Proc and Block in Ruby?
Answer-48: Blocks are not objects; Proc is an object. A block is converted into a Proc when passed to a method.
Question-49. What is Ruby's File class used for?
Answer-49: The File class handles file I/O operations.
Question-50. How does Ruby manage gems?
Answer-50: Ruby uses RubyGems, a package manager, to install and manage libraries (gems).
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