ABAP SAP Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming and is a programming language used for developing applications in the SAP environment.

Answer-2: ABAP data types include Elementary (e.g., I, F, C, N, D, T), Complex (e.g., Structures), and Reference types (e.g., Classes, Interfaces).

Answer-3: A transparent table is a database table that directly corresponds to a table in the SAP database and is used for data storage.

Answer-4: Transparent tables store data directly in the database, while pooled tables store data in a table pool for efficiency.

Answer-5: Internal tables are temporary tables used to store and process data during program execution.

Answer-6: ALV (ABAP List Viewer) reports are interactive reports that provide enhanced functionalities like sorting, filtering, and totals.

Answer-7: Modularization techniques include Subroutines (PERFORM), Function Modules, and Classes/Methods to improve code reusability and readability.

Answer-8: A BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) is a standardized programming interface for SAP business object models.

Answer-9: Table buffering improves database access performance by storing table data in memory.

Answer-10: The types include Full Buffering, Generic Buffering, and Single Record Buffering.

Answer-11: Exception handling in ABAP is implemented using TRY, CATCH, and ENDTRY blocks for runtime errors.

Answer-12: Field symbols are placeholders or pointers to memory locations, used for dynamic data processing.

Answer-13: A field symbol acts as a pointer, while a work area is a static memory space for processing table rows.

Answer-14: RFC (Remote Function Call) is a protocol for executing functions on a remote SAP system.

Answer-15: Smart Forms are used for creating and maintaining forms for mass printing in SAP.

Answer-16: A SELECT query retrieves data from the database tables and stores it in internal tables or work areas.

Answer-17: SY-TABIX is used for internal tables, while SY-INDEX is for loop processing.

Answer-18: The Data Dictionary is a central repository of metadata, including database table definitions, views, and data elements.

Answer-19: Lock objects are used to synchronize access to database records by multiple users in an SAP system.

Answer-20: A secondary index is an additional database index used to speed up searches on fields that are not part of the primary key.

Answer-21: A primary key uniquely identifies records in a table, while a foreign key establishes a relationship between two tables.

Answer-22: SAP Scripts are a tool for designing and printing preformatted text-based documents.

Answer-23: Events in ABAP are triggered during report execution, such as START-OF-SELECTION, END-OF-SELECTION, and AT SELECTION-SCREEN.

Answer-24: TYPE refers to the data type definition, while LIKE refers to the structure of an existing object.

Answer-25: A domain defines the technical characteristics of a data element, such as length, type, and value range.

Answer-26: Function modules provide modularity, reusability, and better error handling in programs.

Answer-27: User exits allow custom enhancements to standard SAP code without modifying it directly.

Answer-28: Implicit enhancements are predefined by SAP and require activation, while explicit enhancements are added manually by developers.

Answer-29: Logical databases provide a structured method for reading data from database tables using predefined logic.

Answer-30: An update task ensures data consistency by separating database updates from the main program execution.

Answer-31: A batch job is a background process used for executing programs without user interaction.

Answer-32: The CHECK statement exits the current loop if the condition is false, while IF can execute conditional code blocks.

Answer-33: Table types define the structure and type of internal tables, such as Standard, Sorted, and Hashed tables.

Answer-34: The MODIFY statement is used to update records in a database table or internal table.

Answer-35: Client-specific tables store data for specific SAP clients, identified by the MANDT field.

Answer-36: Data clusters are collections of related data objects stored as a single entity in the database.

Answer-37: READ TABLE retrieves a single row, while LOOP AT iterates over all rows in an internal table.

Answer-38: The COLLECT statement adds or aggregates data to an internal table based on key fields.

Answer-39: CALL TRANSACTION is used to call a transaction from within an ABAP program.

Answer-40: EXPORT saves data to the SAP memory, and IMPORT retrieves it during the same session.

Answer-41: Variant tables store predefined inputs for running a program or report with specific settings.

Answer-42: The Enhancement Framework and BADIs (Business Add-Ins) enable custom code integration without modifying SAP standard code.

Answer-43: Authorization objects are used to define permissions for SAP users.

Answer-44: Reports are single-screen programs for data output, while dialog programs involve multiple interactive screens.

Answer-45: Parallel cursor technique optimizes nested loop performance by reducing iterations.

Answer-46: DESCRIBE provides information about the structure or properties of data objects.

Answer-47: Infotypes are logical groupings of data fields used for storing HR-related information in SAP.

Answer-48: A selection screen provides user input fields for reports and programs.

Answer-49: Control break statements like AT NEW and AT END are used for processing grouped data in reports.

Answer-50: Debugging is done using the SAP debugger, which allows step-by-step execution and inspection of variables