Ada Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Ada is a structured, statically typed, high-level programming language designed for safety and reliability.

Answer-2: Ada was developed by Jean Ichbiah in the late 1970s and early 1980s under the guidance of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Answer-3: Ada was created to support software development for large, complex, and safety-critical systems.

Answer-4: Key features include strong typing, modularity, concurrency support, and exception handling.

Answer-5: A package is a module used to group related declarations, providing encapsulation and abstraction.

Answer-6: A procedure performs actions without returning a value, while a function returns a value.

Answer-7: Ada uses the exception block to handle errors, allowing programs to recover gracefully.

Answer-8: Tasks are Ada's construct for supporting concurrency, enabling parallel execution.

Answer-9: A protected object is a construct used for synchronization and mutual exclusion in concurrent programming.

Answer-10: Ada enforces type safety through strict typing rules, preventing operations on incompatible types.

Answer-11: VariableName : DataType;

Answer-12: Tagged types are used to define object-oriented constructs, enabling inheritance and polymorphism.

Answer-13: pragma is a directive used to provide implementation-specific or optimization instructions to the compiler.

Answer-14: A task type defines a template for creating multiple tasks with similar behavior.

Answer-15: Ada supports modular programming through packages, which encapsulate related declarations.

Answer-16: A discriminant is a parameter for types, allowing variations in a type's definition.

Answer-17: in passes data into a subprogram, out returns data, and in out allows both input and output.

Answer-18: Ada supports both fixed and dynamic arrays with bounds checking at runtime.

Answer-19: A generic unit is a template for creating reusable code components, such as functions and packages.

Answer-20: Access types in Ada are similar to pointers, used to reference dynamically allocated data.

Answer-21: Ada supports for, while, and loop...exit constructs for iterative operations.

Answer-22: null is used to indicate that no action should be performed, often in task bodies or branches.

Answer-23: case Expression is when Value1 => Statement; when others => Statement; end case;

Answer-24: Records are composite data types that group related fields, similar to structs in C.

Answer-25: Ada uses the Text_IO package and related packages for file input and output operations.

Answer-26: A subtype defines a new type based on an existing one, often with additional constraints.

Answer-27: Ada provides built-in support for concurrency through tasks and protected objects.

Answer-28: The declare block is used to define local variables for use within a statement block.

Answer-29: The specification defines the interface, while the body contains the implementation.

Answer-30: Ada supports explicit type conversions using the syntax TargetType(Expression).

Answer-31: abstract types cannot be instantiated, while limited types prevent certain operations like assignment.

Answer-32: Pragma assertions allow runtime checks to verify program properties during execution.

Answer-33: Renaming declarations provide aliases for existing entities, improving readability or usage.

Answer-34: delay is used to pause task execution for a specified duration.

Answer-35: Ada supports real-time systems with features like deterministic tasking and priority-based scheduling.

Answer-36: others is used in case statements and array aggregates to handle all remaining cases.

Answer-37: Ada ensures reliability through strong typing, runtime checks, and concurrency support.

Answer-38: separate allows implementation of a subprogram outside the package, while private restricts access.

Answer-39: A private type hides implementation details, exposing only the interface.

Answer-40: Ada allows task-specific exception handling to ensure robust concurrent programming.

Answer-41: Aggregates define composite values for arrays or records.

Answer-42: Ada supports object-oriented programming through tagged types, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Answer-43: Visibility rules control access to entities based on scope and module declarations.

Answer-44: new is used to create instances of access types or dynamically allocate objects.

Answer-45: Ada defines bounded errors as situations where behavior is well-defined, even if erroneous.

Answer-46: use clauses make package or type members directly accessible without qualification.

Answer-47: unchecked conversions bypass type safety checks, allowing conversions between types.

Answer-48: The loop construct allows repeating a block of code until an explicit exit statement.

Answer-49: Ada supports overloading of subprograms based on parameter types and profiles.

Answer-50: Ada provides modular types for arithmetic operations with wrap-around behavior.