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Question-1. What is C++?
Answer-1: C++ is a general-purpose programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.
Question-2. Who developed C++ and when?
Answer-2: C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.
Question-3. What are the key features of C++?
Answer-3: Key features include object-oriented programming, operator overloading, templates, and memory management.
Question-4. What is the difference between C and C++?
Answer-4: C is procedural, while C++ supports object-oriented programming and additional features like classes and templates.
Question-5. What is a class in C++?
Answer-5: A class is a blueprint for creating objects that encapsulate data and functions.
Question-6. What is an object in C++?
Answer-6: An object is an instance of a class, representing real-world entities.
Question-7. What is the difference between struct and class in C++?
Answer-7: In C++, the default access modifier for a struct is public, while for a class, it is private.
Question-8. What are C++ access specifiers?
Answer-8: Access specifiers include public, private, and protected.
Question-9. What is a constructor in C++?
Answer-9: A constructor is a special member function that initializes objects of a class.
Question-10. What is a destructor in C++?
Answer-10: A destructor is a member function that cleans up resources when an object is destroyed.
Question-11. What is the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy in C++?
Answer-11: A shallow copy duplicates pointers, while a deep copy duplicates the actual data.
Question-12. What is operator overloading in C++?
Answer-12: Operator overloading allows defining custom behavior for operators when applied to objects.
Question-13. What are C++ templates?
Answer-13: Templates enable generic programming by allowing functions and classes to work with any data type.
Question-14. What is function overloading in C++?
Answer-14: Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameter types or counts.
Question-15. What is function overriding in C++?
Answer-15: Function overriding allows a derived class to provide a specific implementation of a base class method.
Question-16. What is inheritance in C++?
Answer-16: Inheritance allows a class to derive properties and behavior from another class.
Question-17. What are the types of inheritance in C++?
Answer-17: Types include single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance.
Question-18. What is polymorphism in C++?
Answer-18: Polymorphism allows functions or methods to operate differently based on the object they act upon.
Question-19. What is the difference between compile-time and run-time polymorphism in C++?
Answer-19: Compile-time polymorphism is achieved using function overloading and templates; run-time polymorphism is achieved using virtual functions.
Question-20. What is a virtual function in C++?
Answer-20: A virtual function allows a derived class to override a method of its base class.
Question-21. What is a pure virtual function?
Answer-21: A pure virtual function is a function declared in a base class and must be overridden in derived classes.
Question-22. What is an abstract class in C++?
Answer-22: An abstract class has at least one pure virtual function and cannot be instantiated.
Question-23. What is the difference between new and malloc() in C++?
Answer-23: new initializes objects and calls constructors; malloc() only allocates memory.
Question-24. What is a namespace in C++?
Answer-24: A namespace prevents name conflicts by encapsulating identifiers in a distinct scope.
Question-25. What are C++ access modifiers?
Answer-25: Access modifiers control access to class members and include public, private, and protected.
Question-26. What is the difference between references and pointers in C++?
Answer-26: References are aliases for variables and must be initialized, while pointers store memory addresses and can be reassigned.
Question-27. What is the purpose of this pointer in C++?
Answer-27: The this pointer points to the current instance of a class.
Question-28. What is dynamic binding in C++?
Answer-28: Dynamic binding occurs when a function call is resolved at runtime using virtual functions.
Question-29. What is static binding in C++?
Answer-29: Static binding occurs when a function call is resolved at compile time.
Question-30. What are smart pointers in C++?
Answer-30: Smart pointers manage memory automatically and include unique_ptr, shared_ptr, and weak_ptr.
Question-31. What is an inline function in C++?
Answer-31: An inline function is expanded at the point of its call to reduce overhead.
Question-32. What is the difference between struct and class in C++?
Answer-32: struct members are public by default; class members are private by default.
Question-33. What are C++ exception handling keywords?
Answer-33: Keywords include try, catch, throw, and finally.
Question-34. What is the Standard Template Library (STL) in C++?
Answer-34: STL is a library that provides generic classes and functions for data structures and algorithms.
Question-35. What is a vector in C++?
Answer-35: A vector is a dynamic array that can grow and shrink in size.
Question-36. What is the difference between vector and array in C++?
Answer-36: vector is dynamic and resizable; array has a fixed size.
Question-37. What is the difference between stack and heap memory in C++?
Answer-37: Stack memory is used for static and local variables, while heap memory is used for dynamic allocation.
Question-38. What is a friend function in C++?
Answer-38: A friend function can access private and protected members of a class.
Question-39. What is function overriding in C++?
Answer-39: Function overriding allows a derived class to provide its implementation of a base class method.
Question-40. What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
Answer-40: A deep copy duplicates objects, while a shallow copy duplicates references.
Question-41. What is a static function in C++?
Answer-41: A static function belongs to the class rather than an instance of the class.
Question-42. What is multiple inheritance in C++?
Answer-42: Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from more than one base class.
Question-43. What is a virtual destructor in C++?
Answer-43: A virtual destructor ensures proper cleanup of derived class resources.
Question-44. What is RAII in C++?
Answer-44: Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) manages resources using object lifetimes.
Question-45. What is the mutable keyword in C++?
Answer-45: The mutable keyword allows a member variable to be modified even in a const object.
Question-46. What are C++ streams?
Answer-46: Streams are used for input and output operations, such as cin and cout.
Question-47. What is the role of the virtual keyword in C++?
Answer-47: The virtual keyword enables dynamic binding and polymorphism.
Question-48. What is the explicit keyword in C++?
Answer-48: The explicit keyword prevents automatic conversions for constructors.
Question-49. What is the difference between public, protected, and private inheritance in C++?
Answer-49: These determine the visibility of base class members in the derived class.
Question-50. How do you implement a singleton class in C++?
Answer-50: Use a private constructor, a static method, and a static instance to implement a singleton.
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