Quantum Computing in Cloud Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Quantum computing is a type of computation that leverages quantum mechanics principles like superposition and entanglement to perform certain calculations faster than classical computers.

Answer-2: Cloud providers offer access to quantum processors and simulators remotely through cloud platforms, enabling users to experiment without owning quantum hardware.

Answer-3: IBM, Microsoft Azure Quantum, Amazon Braket, Google Quantum AI, and D-Wave offer cloud-based quantum computing services.

Answer-4: Qubits are the fundamental units of quantum information, analogous to classical bits but can represent 0

Answer-5: Superposition is a quantum property where qubits can be in multiple states simultaneously, enabling parallelism in quantum computations.

Answer-6: Entanglement links qubits so that the state of one qubit instantly influences the state of another, allowing complex correlated computations.

Answer-7: Benefits include on-demand access to expensive quantum hardware, scalability, and the ability to test quantum algorithms without local hardware.

Answer-8: A quantum simulator mimics the behavior of a quantum computer on classical hardware, allowing developers to test quantum algorithms before using real quantum machines.

Answer-9: Quantum computing targets problems in cryptography, optimization, material science, drug discovery, and complex simulations.

Answer-10: They combine classical computing power with quantum processors, using classical computers to manage workflows and quantum machines for specific tasks.

Answer-11: Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum state coherence, leading qubits to behave classically and causing errors in quantum computations.

Answer-12: Through quantum error correction codes, hardware improvements, and noise reduction techniques integrated into their quantum services.

Answer-13: Languages include Qiskit (IBM), Cirq (Google), Q# (Microsoft), and Ocean SDK (D-Wave).

Answer-14: Qiskit is an open-source Python-based framework developed by IBM for creating, simulating, and running quantum algorithms on IBM Quantum computers.

Answer-15: Users design quantum circuits via SDKs or interfaces, then submit jobs to cloud quantum processors or simulators for execution.

Answer-16: Limitations include limited qubit counts, noise, error rates, and short coherence times restricting practical applications.

Answer-17: Quantum algorithms can optimize machine learning models or data processing steps, accessed via cloud APIs alongside classical AI.

Answer-18: Amazon Braket is a fully managed AWS service that provides access to multiple quantum hardware platforms and simulators.

Answer-19: Quantum annealing is a quantum technique used for solving optimization problems, offered by providers like D-Wave.

Answer-20: Quantum computers can potentially break current encryption schemes, prompting development of quantum-resistant cryptography.

Answer-21: Quantum supremacy refers to a quantum computer performing a calculation infeasible for classical supercomputers in a reasonable time.

Answer-22: Through encrypted communication, access controls, and compliance with cloud security standards for user data and computation.

Answer-23: Gate-based use quantum gates to build circuits for general quantum algorithms, while annealing focuses on optimization problems using energy minimization.

Answer-24: Classical simulations are possible but limited to small qubit numbers due to exponential resource growth.

Answer-25: A sequence of operations exploiting quantum phenomena to solve problems faster or more efficiently than classical algorithms.

Answer-26: It democratizes access to quantum hardware, reduces costs, and accelerates experimentation and development cycles.

Answer-27: Quantum volume measures the capability of a quantum computer, considering qubit number, error rates, and connectivity.

Answer-28: Using quantum SDKs like Qiskit, you define qubits, apply gates, and measure outcomes before submitting to the cloud.

Answer-29: IBM Quantum Experience is IBM?s cloud platform providing free access to real quantum processors and simulators.

Answer-30: They manage user requests via schedulers that allocate processor time and prioritize jobs based on policies.

Answer-31: Pharmaceuticals, finance, logistics, energy, and aerospace are key sectors exploring quantum computing benefits.

Answer-32: A quantum gate manipulates qubits, analogous to logical gates in classical computing but exploiting quantum properties.

Answer-33: Cloud platforms provide scalable access to quantum resources that can grow as hardware improves.

Answer-34: SDKs provide tools and APIs for developers to create, test, and deploy quantum algorithms on cloud quantum computers.

Answer-35: Quantum cloud computing accesses quantum hardware and algorithms, while classical cloud computing handles traditional digital tasks.

Answer-36: By providing accessible platforms, tutorials, and sandboxes to learn quantum computing concepts and programming.

Answer-37: Challenges include latency, error rates, limited qubit availability, and the need for hybrid classical-quantum integration.

Answer-38: By lowering barriers to entry, enabling collaborative research, and accelerating testing and deployment of quantum algorithms.

Answer-39: Growth is expected in qubit counts, error correction, integration with AI, and industry-specific applications.

Answer-40: Quantum computing handles specific complex tasks while classical clouds manage standard processing and storage.

Answer-41: A tool that runs quantum algorithms on classical hardware, enabling development without physical quantum devices.

Answer-42: Providers roll out updates and new hardware seamlessly via managed services with minimal disruption.

Answer-43: Quantum cryptography offers secure communication methods resistant to quantum hacking threats.

Answer-44: By signing up for provider accounts, installing SDKs, accessing tutorials, and experimenting with sample circuits.

Answer-45: Algorithms combining classical computations with quantum operations for improved performance on certain tasks.

Answer-46: Using techniques like zero-noise extrapolation and readout error correction during quantum circuit execution.

Answer-47: APIs enable programmatic access to quantum resources for integration into broader cloud applications.

Answer-48: Pricing is typically based on usage, including compute time, qubit access, and data storage.

Answer-49: QKD is a secure communication method using quantum mechanics, potentially protecting cloud data transmissions.

Answer-50: Knowledge of quantum mechanics basics, programming (Python, Qiskit), cloud platforms, and algorithm design.