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Question-1. What is container security?
Answer-1: Container security involves protecting containerized applications and their environments from vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks.
Question-2. Why is container security important?
Answer-2: Containers can introduce unique security risks such as image vulnerabilities, runtime attacks, and misconfigurations that need to be mitigated.
Question-3. What are the common security risks in container environments?
Answer-3: Risks include insecure images, privilege escalation, misconfigured containers, exposed secrets, and vulnerabilities in the container runtime.
Question-4. How can you secure container images?
Answer-4: Use trusted base images, scan images for vulnerabilities, minimize image size, and avoid unnecessary software.
Question-5. What tools are used for container image scanning?
Answer-5: Popular tools include Clair, Trivy, Anchore, and Docker Security Scanning.
Question-6. What is the principle of least privilege in container security?
Answer-6: Containers and processes should run with the minimal permissions necessary to reduce the attack surface.
Question-7. How do namespaces improve container security?
Answer-7: Namespaces provide isolation for processes, network, and filesystem, helping containers operate independently and securely.
Question-8. What is the role of control groups (cgroups) in container security?
Answer-8: Cgroups limit and control resource usage (CPU, memory, I/O), preventing denial of service attacks due to resource exhaustion.
Question-9. What is container runtime security?
Answer-9: It involves monitoring and protecting containers during runtime to detect and prevent malicious activities or anomalies.
Question-10. How can you ensure secure container orchestration?
Answer-10: Implement RBAC, network policies, audit logging, and secure communication in orchestrators like Kubernetes.
Question-11. What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in Kubernetes?
Answer-11: RBAC controls access permissions to Kubernetes resources based on user roles and policies.
Question-12. Why is network segmentation important for container security?
Answer-12: It isolates container workloads to limit the blast radius of attacks and control communication flows.
Question-13. What are Kubernetes Network Policies?
Answer-13: They define how pods are allowed to communicate with each other and other network endpoints.
Question-14. How do you secure secrets in container environments?
Answer-14: Use secret management tools like Kubernetes Secrets, HashiCorp Vault, and avoid embedding secrets in images or code.
Question-15. What is the danger of running containers as root?
Answer-15: Running containers as root can allow attackers to escalate privileges and compromise the host.
Question-16. How can you prevent privilege escalation in containers?
Answer-16: Run containers with non-root users, apply security contexts, and use Linux capabilities sparingly.
Question-17. What are Linux capabilities in container security?
Answer-17: Capabilities are fine-grained privileges that can be added or removed from processes to limit what they can do.
Question-18. How do you handle container vulnerability management?
Answer-18: Regularly scan images, apply patches, update dependencies, and replace vulnerable images.
Question-19. What is the use of a container security benchmark?
Answer-19: Benchmarks like CIS Docker and Kubernetes provide guidelines for secure configuration and hardening.
Question-20. What are some best practices for Docker daemon security?
Answer-20: Restrict access to the Docker socket, run the daemon with limited privileges, and use user namespaces.
Question-21. How does image signing help container security?
Answer-21: Image signing ensures image authenticity and integrity before deployment.
Question-22. What is Notary in Docker?
Answer-22: Notary is a tool for signing and verifying Docker images to ensure their trustworthiness.
Question-23. Why is monitoring container activity critical?
Answer-23: Monitoring helps detect suspicious behavior, security breaches, and ensures compliance.
Question-24. What tools can monitor container runtime security?
Answer-24: Tools include Falco, Sysdig Secure, Aqua Security, and Twistlock.
Question-25. How can you implement container logging securely?
Answer-25: Use centralized logging with proper access controls and encryption to protect log data.
Question-26. What is the significance of immutable infrastructure in container security?
Answer-26: Immutable containers reduce risk by ensuring that containers are not modified after deployment.
Question-27. How can you protect the container host system?
Answer-27: Regularly update the host OS, limit host access, isolate containers, and monitor host activity.
Question-28. What is the role of a container registry in security?
Answer-28: Registries store and distribute container images; securing them prevents unauthorized access and tampering.
Question-29. How do private container registries improve security?
Answer-29: They restrict image access to authorized users and often provide integrated scanning and signing.
Question-30. What are admission controllers in Kubernetes?
Answer-30: Admission controllers intercept requests to the Kubernetes API server to enforce security policies.
Question-31. How do Pod Security Policies enhance security?
Answer-31: They enforce constraints on pod creation such as restricting root usage, volume types, and capabilities.
Question-32. What is the impact of resource limits on container security?
Answer-32: Resource limits prevent resource exhaustion attacks and improve stability.
Question-33. How can you secure inter-container communication?
Answer-33: Use mutual TLS, network policies, and service mesh for encrypted and authenticated communication.
Question-34. What is container escape and how to prevent it?
Answer-34: Container escape occurs when a process breaks out of the container to access the host; prevent it using kernel patches, namespaces, and security modules.
Question-35. How does SELinux or AppArmor improve container security?
Answer-35: They enforce mandatory access controls restricting container actions based on policies.
Question-36. What are the risks of using third-party container images?
Answer-36: They may contain vulnerabilities, malware, or misconfigurations; always scan and verify images.
Question-37. Why should containers be ephemeral and immutable?
Answer-37: This minimizes persistent threats by ensuring containers are replaced rather than modified in place.
Question-38. What role does automated CI/CD play in container security?
Answer-38: Automated pipelines can integrate security checks and prevent vulnerable images from being deployed.
Question-39. How can you handle container security in multi-tenant environments?
Answer-39: Use strict isolation, RBAC, network segmentation, and resource quotas.
Question-40. What is the significance of TLS in container orchestration?
Answer-40: TLS secures communication between components such as API servers, nodes, and services.
Question-41. How does Kubernetes Secrets differ from ConfigMaps?
Answer-41: Secrets store sensitive data encrypted, while ConfigMaps store non-sensitive configuration data.
Question-42. What is container security posture management (CSPM)?
Answer-42: CSPM tools assess and monitor container environments to ensure compliance and security best practices.
Question-43. How do you handle patching in containerized environments?
Answer-43: Patch base images regularly and redeploy containers; avoid patching running containers.
Question-44. Why is it important to minimize the attack surface in container images?
Answer-44: Smaller images reduce vulnerabilities and potential exploits by limiting installed software.
Question-45. What is the benefit of scanning container images at build time?
Answer-45: It detects vulnerabilities early before deployment, reducing risks.
Question-46. How do you manage container lifecycle security?
Answer-46: Implement secure build, test, deploy, monitor, and retire processes.
Question-47. What are some best practices for securing Kubernetes API Server?
Answer-47: Enable authentication, authorization, audit logs, and limit exposure.
Question-48. How can you prevent Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in container environments?
Answer-48: Use resource quotas, limit requests, and monitor unusual activity.
Question-49. What is the role of a service mesh in container security?
Answer-49: Service meshes provide secure service-to-service communication, encryption, and policy enforcement.
Question-50. How can container security policies be automated?
Answer-50: Use tools like OPA Gatekeeper, Kyverno, and Kubernetes admission controllers to enforce policies automatically.
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