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Question-1. What is a Kubernetes deployment strategy?
Answer-1: It is a method to release new versions of applications on Kubernetes clusters while managing risk and downtime.
Question-2. Name common Kubernetes deployment strategies.
Answer-2: Rolling Update, Recreate, Blue/Green, Canary, and A/B Testing.
Question-3. What is a Rolling Update in Kubernetes?
Answer-3: It gradually replaces old pods with new ones without downtime, updating pods incrementally.
Question-4. How does the Recreate deployment strategy work?
Answer-4: It terminates all existing pods before starting new ones, causing downtime during the switch.
Question-5. What is Blue/Green deployment in Kubernetes?
Answer-5: It runs two separate environments (blue and green) and switches traffic from old to new instantly.
Question-6. What is Canary deployment?
Answer-6: It releases the new version to a small subset of users first to test before full rollout.
Question-7. How is A/B testing different from Canary deployment?
Answer-7: A/B testing compares two versions simultaneously for different user groups to analyze performance.
Question-8. What Kubernetes object manages deployment strategies?
Answer-8: The Deployment resource manages strategies like Rolling Update and Recreate.
Question-9. How can you configure a Rolling Update in Kubernetes?
Answer-9: By setting `rollingUpdate` parameters like maxUnavailable and maxSurge in the Deployment spec.
Question-10. What is maxUnavailable in Rolling Updates?
Answer-10: It defines the maximum number of pods that can be unavailable during the update.
Question-11. What is maxSurge in Rolling Updates?
Answer-11: It defines the maximum number of extra pods that can be created during the update.
Question-12. When would you use a Recreate deployment?
Answer-12: When application state cannot be shared between pods or requires a complete restart.
Question-13. How does Kubernetes support Blue/Green deployment technically?
Answer-13: Using multiple Deployments or Services and switching traffic between them.
Question-14. What are the advantages of Canary deployments?
Answer-14: Reduced risk by limiting exposure and gathering feedback before full deployment.
Question-15. How do you implement Canary deployments in Kubernetes?
Answer-15: By using label selectors and routing rules with tools like Istio or NGINX Ingress.
Question-16. What role do Kubernetes Services play in deployment strategies?
Answer-16: They route traffic to different pod versions during deployments like Blue/Green or Canary.
Question-17. Can Kubernetes handle automatic rollback during failed deployments?
Answer-17: Yes, Kubernetes automatically rolls back to the previous stable version if health checks fail.
Question-18. What is a PodDisruptionBudget (PDB) and its role in deployments?
Answer-18: PDB limits voluntary disruptions to pods to maintain application availability during updates.
Question-19. How do readiness probes affect deployment strategies?
Answer-19: They help Kubernetes decide when a pod is ready to receive traffic during updates.
Question-20. What is a Deployment rollout status?
Answer-20: It shows the progress and health of the current deployment update.
Question-21. How can you pause and resume a deployment in Kubernetes?
Answer-21: Using `kubectl rollout pause` and `kubectl rollout resume` commands.
Question-22. What is the significance of `kubectl rollout undo`?
Answer-22: It rolls back a Deployment to a previous stable revision.
Question-23. How does Kubernetes ensure zero downtime in Rolling Updates?
Answer-23: By maintaining minimum available pods and creating new pods before terminating old ones.
Question-24. What challenges might you face with Blue/Green deployments?
Answer-24: Increased resource usage and complexity managing two environments.
Question-25. What tools can assist with advanced deployment strategies in Kubernetes?
Answer-25: Service meshes like Istio, Argo Rollouts, Flagger, and Linkerd.
Question-26. What is a rollout strategy in Kubernetes?
Answer-26: It defines how new versions of applications are deployed and how traffic is managed.
Question-27. How do labels and selectors help in deployment strategies?
Answer-27: They help identify and route traffic to specific pod versions during deployments.
Question-28. What is an Ingress controller?s role in deployment strategies?
Answer-28: It manages external access and traffic routing for different application versions.
Question-29. How can you monitor deployment progress in Kubernetes?
Answer-29: Using `kubectl rollout status` or monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana.
Question-30. What is the difference between a StatefulSet and a Deployment in context of deployments?
Answer-30: StatefulSets manage stateful apps with stable IDs; Deployments manage stateless apps.
Question-31. Can you use Helm for Kubernetes deployments?
Answer-31: Yes, Helm packages applications and supports upgrade and rollback strategies.
Question-32. How does Kubernetes handle versioning during deployments?
Answer-32: It maintains Deployment revisions for rollback and audit purposes.
Question-33. What is a sidecar pattern and its relation to deployments?
Answer-33: A sidecar is a helper container deployed alongside app containers, useful for proxies or logging.
Question-34. What role do environment variables play in deployments?
Answer-34: They configure application behavior dynamically per deployment version.
Question-35. How can you test a deployment strategy before production rollout?
Answer-35: Using staging environments and canary releases with monitoring.
Question-36. What are the risks of not using proper deployment strategies?
Answer-36: Increased downtime, service disruption, and poor user experience.
Question-37. How does Kubernetes handle deployments in multi-cluster setups?
Answer-37: With federated deployments or tools like ArgoCD to synchronize releases.
Question-38. What is the benefit of automated rollbacks in deployments?
Answer-38: They minimize downtime by quickly reverting failed updates.
Question-39. How can feature flags complement Kubernetes deployment strategies?
Answer-39: They allow enabling/disabling features independently of deployment.
Question-40. What metrics should be monitored during a deployment?
Answer-40: Pod readiness, error rates, response time, CPU/memory usage.
Question-41. What is the role of Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs) in deployments?
Answer-41: CRDs extend Kubernetes to manage custom deployment workflows.
Question-42. How do you secure deployments in Kubernetes?
Answer-42: Using RBAC, network policies, image scanning, and secure container runtimes.
Question-43. What is the significance of declarative configuration in Kubernetes deployments?
Answer-43: It ensures desired state management and reproducible deployments.
Question-44. How can Blue/Green deployments reduce risk in Kubernetes?
Answer-44: By allowing instant rollback and safe testing of new versions.
Question-45. What are some limitations of Kubernetes deployment strategies?
Answer-45: Complexity, resource overhead, and challenges with stateful applications.
Question-46. What is the function of a rollout strategy in Continuous Deployment pipelines?
Answer-46: It controls how application updates are pushed to production environments.
Question-47. How does Flagger assist in Kubernetes deployments?
Answer-47: Flagger automates canary releases and progressive delivery workflows.
Question-48. How can you implement traffic splitting in Kubernetes?
Answer-48: Using Ingress controllers, service meshes, or Flagger to route traffic between versions.
Question-49. What is the purpose of Kubernetes Deployment annotations?
Answer-49: To add metadata for rollout management and tracking.
Question-50. How do you rollback a failed deployment in Kubernetes?
Answer-50: By using `kubectl rollout undo deployment/
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