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Network Security in Cloud Questions and Answers for Viva

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Interview Question and Answer of Network Security in Cloud


Question-1. What is network security in cloud computing?

Answer-1: Network security in cloud computing involves protecting cloud-based infrastructure, services, and data from unauthorized access, misuse, or attacks.



Question-2. Why is network security critical in cloud environments?

Answer-2: Because cloud environments are accessible over the internet and shared among multiple users, making them susceptible to attacks if not properly secured.



Question-3. What are the common network security threats in cloud?

Answer-3: Threats include DDoS attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, data breaches, insecure APIs, and insider threats.



Question-4. What is a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

Answer-4: A VPC is a logically isolated section of a cloud provider?s network where you can launch resources in a virtual network you define and control.



Question-5. How do Security Groups help in cloud network security?

Answer-5: Security Groups act as virtual firewalls controlling inbound and outbound traffic to cloud resources.



Question-6. What is the difference between Security Groups and Network ACLs?

Answer-6: Security Groups are stateful firewalls at the instance level, whereas Network ACLs are stateless and operate at the subnet level.



Question-7. How can encryption be used for network security in cloud?

Answer-7: Encryption protects data in transit using protocols like TLS/SSL and encrypts stored data to prevent unauthorized access.



Question-8. What is a cloud firewall?

Answer-8: A cloud firewall is a security service that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic in cloud environments.



Question-9. Explain the concept of micro-segmentation.

Answer-9: Micro-segmentation divides the cloud network into smaller segments to restrict lateral movement of threats within the environment.



Question-10. What is a VPN and why is it important in cloud security?

Answer-10: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between the user and the cloud network, protecting data from interception.



Question-11. How does multi-factor authentication enhance cloud network security?

Answer-11: It adds an extra layer of verification, reducing the risk of unauthorized access even if credentials are compromised.



Question-12. What role do Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) play in cloud?

Answer-12: They monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and take action to alert or block potential threats.



Question-13. What are common cloud network security best practices?

Answer-13: Use strong authentication, encrypt data, implement firewalls, monitor traffic, apply least privilege, and conduct regular audits.



Question-14. How do you secure APIs in cloud environments?

Answer-14: By using strong authentication, encryption, throttling, input validation, and monitoring API access and usage.



Question-15. What is a DDoS attack and how can it be mitigated in the cloud?

Answer-15: Distributed Denial of Service attacks overwhelm resources; mitigations include traffic filtering, rate limiting, and using DDoS protection services.



Question-16. What is the Shared Responsibility Model in cloud security?

Answer-16: It defines security roles shared between the cloud provider (infrastructure security) and the customer (data and application security).



Question-17. How do you monitor network traffic in cloud environments?

Answer-17: Using cloud-native monitoring tools and third-party solutions that analyze traffic patterns and generate alerts.



Question-18. What is the importance of network segmentation in cloud security?

Answer-18: Segmentation limits the spread of attacks by isolating different network parts, reducing risk and improving control.



Question-19. What is SSL/TLS

Answer-19: and why is it important for cloud network security?



Question-20. How can you protect cloud resources from insider threats?

Answer-20: By enforcing strict access controls, auditing, monitoring user activity, and implementing least privilege principles.



Question-21. What are some cloud-native network security tools?

Answer-21: Examples include AWS Security Groups, Azure Network Security Groups, Google Cloud VPC Firewall Rules, and AWS Shield.



Question-22. How does zero trust security apply to cloud network security?

Answer-22: Zero trust assumes no trust inside or outside the network, enforcing continuous verification and least privilege access.



Question-23. What is Network Access Control (NAC) in cloud?

Answer-23: NAC enforces policies to control devices? access to the network based on compliance, identity, and other factors.



Question-24. How can logging and auditing help in cloud network security?

Answer-24: They provide visibility into network activity, help detect anomalies, and support forensic investigations.



Question-25. What is port scanning and how do you defend against it?

Answer-25: Port scanning identifies open network ports; defense includes firewall rules, intrusion detection, and limiting exposed services.



Question-26. How do you handle public and private subnets in cloud network design?

Answer-26: Public subnets host resources accessible from the internet, private subnets host internal resources; security controls differ accordingly.



Question-27. What is a bastion host?

Answer-27: A secure server that provides controlled access to instances in private networks for management purposes.



Question-28. How does network address translation (NAT) improve cloud security?

Answer-28: NAT hides internal IP addresses, preventing direct inbound connections from the internet.



Question-29. What are security groups? default behaviors?

Answer-29: They deny all inbound traffic by default and allow all outbound traffic unless explicitly configured.



Question-30. How do cloud providers protect against IP spoofing?

Answer-30: By validating source IPs, using VPC security controls, and enforcing network policies.



Question-31. What is the role of threat intelligence in cloud network security?

Answer-31: It provides data about emerging threats to improve defenses and proactive security measures.



Question-32. How can automated security policies help in cloud network security?

Answer-32: They ensure consistent enforcement of rules and faster response to changes or incidents.



Question-33. What is the principle of least privilege and how is it applied in network security?

Answer-33: Users and services receive only the minimal permissions necessary to perform their functions.



Question-34. How do load balancers impact network security in cloud?

Answer-34: They distribute traffic and can help mitigate DDoS attacks and enable secure communication with SSL termination.



Question-35. What are cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools?

Answer-35: CSPM tools assess cloud environments for misconfigurations and enforce security policies automatically.



Question-36. How do you secure inter-region traffic in multi-region cloud deployments?

Answer-36: By encrypting traffic, using secure tunnels, and configuring firewalls between regions.



Question-37. What is the function of a web application firewall (WAF) in cloud security?

Answer-37: WAF protects web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic to block attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting.



Question-38. How do identity and access management (IAM) policies relate to network security?

Answer-38: IAM controls who can access cloud resources and what network actions they can perform.



Question-39. What is the significance of patch management in cloud network security?

Answer-39: Regular patching fixes vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.



Question-40. How can you secure cloud DNS services?

Answer-40: By using DNSSEC, monitoring queries, and restricting zone transfers.



Question-41. What is the impact of misconfigured cloud network security?

Answer-41: It can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and service disruptions.



Question-42. How do cloud-native encryption services enhance network security?

Answer-42: They simplify encryption key management and enable encryption of data at rest and in transit.



Question-43. What is a firewall rule whitelist vs blacklist?

Answer-43: Whitelist allows only specified traffic, blacklist blocks specified traffic; whitelist is more secure by default.



Question-44. How do you protect against man-in-the-middle attacks in cloud networks?

Answer-44: By using strong encryption, secure authentication, and certificate validation.



Question-45. What role do cloud security certifications (e.g.

Answer-45: SOC 2, ISO 27001) play in network security?



Question-46. How do cloud providers handle DDoS mitigation?

Answer-46: Through dedicated services like AWS Shield or Azure DDoS Protection that detect and mitigate attack traffic.



Question-47. What are ephemeral ports and why should they be secured?

Answer-47: They are temporary ports used for outbound connections; securing them prevents unauthorized inbound traffic.



Question-48. How can security automation help in cloud network security?

Answer-48: By automating detection, response, and remediation of network threats.



Question-49. What is the importance of network topology in cloud security?

Answer-49: Topology affects the visibility, control, and segmentation of network traffic for security purposes.



Question-50. How do you stay updated on emerging cloud network security threats?

Answer-50: By following security bulletins, participating in forums, attending training, and using threat intelligence feeds.




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