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Question-1. What is network security in cloud computing?
Answer-1: Network security in cloud computing involves protecting cloud-based infrastructure, services, and data from unauthorized access, misuse, or attacks.
Question-2. Why is network security critical in cloud environments?
Answer-2: Because cloud environments are accessible over the internet and shared among multiple users, making them susceptible to attacks if not properly secured.
Question-3. What are the common network security threats in cloud?
Answer-3: Threats include DDoS attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, data breaches, insecure APIs, and insider threats.
Question-4. What is a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?
Answer-4: A VPC is a logically isolated section of a cloud provider?s network where you can launch resources in a virtual network you define and control.
Question-5. How do Security Groups help in cloud network security?
Answer-5: Security Groups act as virtual firewalls controlling inbound and outbound traffic to cloud resources.
Question-6. What is the difference between Security Groups and Network ACLs?
Answer-6: Security Groups are stateful firewalls at the instance level, whereas Network ACLs are stateless and operate at the subnet level.
Question-7. How can encryption be used for network security in cloud?
Answer-7: Encryption protects data in transit using protocols like TLS/SSL and encrypts stored data to prevent unauthorized access.
Question-8. What is a cloud firewall?
Answer-8: A cloud firewall is a security service that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic in cloud environments.
Question-9. Explain the concept of micro-segmentation.
Answer-9: Micro-segmentation divides the cloud network into smaller segments to restrict lateral movement of threats within the environment.
Question-10. What is a VPN and why is it important in cloud security?
Answer-10: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between the user and the cloud network, protecting data from interception.
Question-11. How does multi-factor authentication enhance cloud network security?
Answer-11: It adds an extra layer of verification, reducing the risk of unauthorized access even if credentials are compromised.
Question-12. What role do Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) play in cloud?
Answer-12: They monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and take action to alert or block potential threats.
Question-13. What are common cloud network security best practices?
Answer-13: Use strong authentication, encrypt data, implement firewalls, monitor traffic, apply least privilege, and conduct regular audits.
Question-14. How do you secure APIs in cloud environments?
Answer-14: By using strong authentication, encryption, throttling, input validation, and monitoring API access and usage.
Question-15. What is a DDoS attack and how can it be mitigated in the cloud?
Answer-15: Distributed Denial of Service attacks overwhelm resources; mitigations include traffic filtering, rate limiting, and using DDoS protection services.
Question-16. What is the Shared Responsibility Model in cloud security?
Answer-16: It defines security roles shared between the cloud provider (infrastructure security) and the customer (data and application security).
Question-17. How do you monitor network traffic in cloud environments?
Answer-17: Using cloud-native monitoring tools and third-party solutions that analyze traffic patterns and generate alerts.
Question-18. What is the importance of network segmentation in cloud security?
Answer-18: Segmentation limits the spread of attacks by isolating different network parts, reducing risk and improving control.
Question-19. What is SSL/TLS
Answer-19: and why is it important for cloud network security?
Question-20. How can you protect cloud resources from insider threats?
Answer-20: By enforcing strict access controls, auditing, monitoring user activity, and implementing least privilege principles.
Question-21. What are some cloud-native network security tools?
Answer-21: Examples include AWS Security Groups, Azure Network Security Groups, Google Cloud VPC Firewall Rules, and AWS Shield.
Question-22. How does zero trust security apply to cloud network security?
Answer-22: Zero trust assumes no trust inside or outside the network, enforcing continuous verification and least privilege access.
Question-23. What is Network Access Control (NAC) in cloud?
Answer-23: NAC enforces policies to control devices? access to the network based on compliance, identity, and other factors.
Question-24. How can logging and auditing help in cloud network security?
Answer-24: They provide visibility into network activity, help detect anomalies, and support forensic investigations.
Question-25. What is port scanning and how do you defend against it?
Answer-25: Port scanning identifies open network ports; defense includes firewall rules, intrusion detection, and limiting exposed services.
Question-26. How do you handle public and private subnets in cloud network design?
Answer-26: Public subnets host resources accessible from the internet, private subnets host internal resources; security controls differ accordingly.
Question-27. What is a bastion host?
Answer-27: A secure server that provides controlled access to instances in private networks for management purposes.
Question-28. How does network address translation (NAT) improve cloud security?
Answer-28: NAT hides internal IP addresses, preventing direct inbound connections from the internet.
Question-29. What are security groups? default behaviors?
Answer-29: They deny all inbound traffic by default and allow all outbound traffic unless explicitly configured.
Question-30. How do cloud providers protect against IP spoofing?
Answer-30: By validating source IPs, using VPC security controls, and enforcing network policies.
Question-31. What is the role of threat intelligence in cloud network security?
Answer-31: It provides data about emerging threats to improve defenses and proactive security measures.
Question-32. How can automated security policies help in cloud network security?
Answer-32: They ensure consistent enforcement of rules and faster response to changes or incidents.
Question-33. What is the principle of least privilege and how is it applied in network security?
Answer-33: Users and services receive only the minimal permissions necessary to perform their functions.
Question-34. How do load balancers impact network security in cloud?
Answer-34: They distribute traffic and can help mitigate DDoS attacks and enable secure communication with SSL termination.
Question-35. What are cloud security posture management (CSPM) tools?
Answer-35: CSPM tools assess cloud environments for misconfigurations and enforce security policies automatically.
Question-36. How do you secure inter-region traffic in multi-region cloud deployments?
Answer-36: By encrypting traffic, using secure tunnels, and configuring firewalls between regions.
Question-37. What is the function of a web application firewall (WAF) in cloud security?
Answer-37: WAF protects web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic to block attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting.
Question-38. How do identity and access management (IAM) policies relate to network security?
Answer-38: IAM controls who can access cloud resources and what network actions they can perform.
Question-39. What is the significance of patch management in cloud network security?
Answer-39: Regular patching fixes vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
Question-40. How can you secure cloud DNS services?
Answer-40: By using DNSSEC, monitoring queries, and restricting zone transfers.
Question-41. What is the impact of misconfigured cloud network security?
Answer-41: It can lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, and service disruptions.
Question-42. How do cloud-native encryption services enhance network security?
Answer-42: They simplify encryption key management and enable encryption of data at rest and in transit.
Question-43. What is a firewall rule whitelist vs blacklist?
Answer-43: Whitelist allows only specified traffic, blacklist blocks specified traffic; whitelist is more secure by default.
Question-44. How do you protect against man-in-the-middle attacks in cloud networks?
Answer-44: By using strong encryption, secure authentication, and certificate validation.
Question-45. What role do cloud security certifications (e.g.
Answer-45: SOC 2, ISO 27001) play in network security?
Question-46. How do cloud providers handle DDoS mitigation?
Answer-46: Through dedicated services like AWS Shield or Azure DDoS Protection that detect and mitigate attack traffic.
Question-47. What are ephemeral ports and why should they be secured?
Answer-47: They are temporary ports used for outbound connections; securing them prevents unauthorized inbound traffic.
Question-48. How can security automation help in cloud network security?
Answer-48: By automating detection, response, and remediation of network threats.
Question-49. What is the importance of network topology in cloud security?
Answer-49: Topology affects the visibility, control, and segmentation of network traffic for security purposes.
Question-50. How do you stay updated on emerging cloud network security threats?
Answer-50: By following security bulletins, participating in forums, attending training, and using threat intelligence feeds.
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