Compliance Standards (ISO 27001, HIPAA, GDPR) Questions and Answers for Viva - 27001

Answer-1: ISO 27001 is an international standard for information security management systems (ISMS) to protect data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Answer-2: To establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve an ISMS to manage risks to information security.

Answer-3: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulates the protection and confidential handling of protected health information (PHI) in the US.

Answer-4: HIPAA protects individually identifiable health information, known as Protected Health Information (PHI).

Answer-5: The General Data Protection Regulation is an EU regulation focused on protecting personal data and privacy of EU citizens.

Answer-6: Any organization, regardless of location, that processes personal data of EU residents must comply with GDPR.

Answer-7: To demonstrate an organization's commitment to information security best practices and risk management.

Answer-8: Privacy Rule, Security Rule, Breach Notification Rule, and Enforcement Rule.

Answer-9: A DPO is responsible for overseeing data protection strategy and ensuring GDPR compliance within an organization.

Answer-10: Lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity, confidentiality, and accountability.

Answer-11: ISO 27001 requires regular internal audits, typically annually or as defined by the organization.

Answer-12: Penalties can include fines ranging from $100 to $50,000 per violation, and criminal charges in severe cases.

Answer-13: Any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.

Answer-14: To identify, evaluate, and prioritize information security risks to implement appropriate controls.

Answer-15: Through administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect electronic protected health information (ePHI).

Answer-16: Data breaches must be reported to the relevant supervisory authority within 72 hours of discovery.

Answer-17: An Information Security Management System is a framework of policies and controls to manage information security risks.

Answer-18: An entity that performs services involving PHI on behalf of a HIPAA-covered entity.

Answer-19: Rights include access, rectification, erasure (right to be forgotten), restriction of processing, data portability, and objection.

Answer-20: A continuous improvement cycle used to manage and improve ISMS effectiveness.

Answer-21: It regulates the use and disclosure of individuals' health information.

Answer-22: Any organization, regardless of size or industry, can implement ISO 27001.

Answer-23: Consent must be freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous through a clear affirmative action.

Answer-24: It sets standards for protecting electronic protected health information (ePHI).

Answer-25: Annex A lists 114 security controls to be considered when implementing the ISMS.

Answer-26: The controller determines the purpose and means of processing data; the processor processes data on behalf of the controller.

Answer-27: Notify affected individuals, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and sometimes the media, depending on breach size.

Answer-28: It provides a structured framework to manage information security risks, helping meet legal and regulatory requirements.

Answer-29: It applies to personal data processing by organizations operating in the EU or offering goods/services to EU residents.

Answer-30: Administrative, physical, and technical safeguards.

Answer-31: A document identifying which controls are applicable and how they are implemented.

Answer-32: DPIAs are required for processing activities that pose high risks to data subjects' rights and freedoms.

Answer-33: Encryption protects ePHI during storage and transmission to prevent unauthorized access.

Answer-34: An ongoing process of evaluating and improving the ISMS.

Answer-35: Also known as the 'right to be forgotten,' it allows individuals to request deletion of their personal data.

Answer-36: Organizations like healthcare providers, insurers, or healthcare clearinghouses that handle PHI.

Answer-37: ISO 27001 provides security controls that help organizations comply with GDPR data protection requirements.

Answer-38: Generally within 72 hours to the supervisory authority.

Answer-39: It establishes procedures for investigations, penalties, and hearing processes for HIPAA violations.

Answer-40: It involves selecting and implementing controls to mitigate identified risks.

Answer-41: An independent public authority responsible for monitoring GDPR compliance.

Answer-42: Yes, if they handle PHI as business associates.

Answer-43: Integrating data protection into processing activities from the design phase.

Answer-44: Includes gap analysis, risk assessment, ISMS implementation, internal audits, and external certification audit.

Answer-45: Transfers of personal data outside the EU/EEA without adequate protections.

Answer-46: A required process to identify vulnerabilities and risks to ePHI.

Answer-47: Improved risk management, regulatory compliance, customer trust, and competitive advantage.

Answer-48: Fines up to ?20 million or 4% of annual global turnover, plus reputational damage.

Answer-49: It requires patient authorization for certain uses and disclosures of PHI.

Answer-50: Through regular audits, employee training, policy updates, risk assessments, and continuous monitoring.