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  3. Cloud Architecture Patterns (Monolithic, Microservices) Interview Question with Answer

Cloud Architecture Patterns (Monolithic, Microservices) Questions and Answers for Viva

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Interview Question and Answer of Cloud Architecture Patterns (Monolithic, Microservices)


Question-1. What is a monolithic architecture?

Answer-1: A monolithic architecture is a single unified software application where all components are interconnected and managed as a single unit.



Question-2. What are microservices?

Answer-2: Microservices are a cloud architecture pattern where an application is divided into small, independent services that communicate over APIs.



Question-3. What are the main advantages of monolithic architecture?

Answer-3: Simple development and deployment, easier debugging, and less operational overhead.



Question-4. What are the disadvantages of monolithic architecture?

Answer-4: Difficult to scale, maintain, and update; a change in one part requires redeploying the entire app.



Question-5. How do microservices improve scalability?

Answer-5: Each service can be scaled independently based on demand.



Question-6. What communication methods are used in microservices?

Answer-6: Common methods include REST APIs, gRPC, message queues, and event streaming.



Question-7. How does deployment differ between monolithic and microservices architectures?

Answer-7: Monolithic apps are deployed as one unit; microservices are deployed independently.



Question-8. What challenges come with microservices architecture?

Answer-8: Complexity in deployment, service discovery, data consistency, and inter-service communication.



Question-9. Can a monolithic application be converted to microservices?

Answer-9: Yes, through a process called decomposition or refactoring.



Question-10. What is service discovery in microservices?

Answer-10: A mechanism for dynamically locating microservice instances in a network.



Question-11. What role does an API Gateway play in microservices?

Answer-11: It acts as a single entry point to multiple microservices, handling routing, security, and load balancing.



Question-12. How does fault tolerance differ between monolithic and microservices?

Answer-12: Microservices can isolate failures to a single service, while monolithic failure can bring down the entire app.



Question-13. What is database management like in monolithic apps?

Answer-13: Typically, a single centralized database is used.



Question-14. How do microservices handle data?

Answer-14: Each microservice can have its own database, enabling decentralized data management.



Question-15. What is the impact of microservices on team structure?

Answer-15: Teams can be organized around individual services, enabling independent development.



Question-16. What are the common patterns for microservices communication?

Answer-16: Synchronous (HTTP/REST) and asynchronous (message queues, events).



Question-17. How does monitoring differ in monolithic vs microservices?

Answer-17: Microservices require distributed tracing and centralized logging to track multiple services.



Question-18. What is eventual consistency in microservices?

Answer-18: A consistency model where data changes propagate asynchronously, allowing temporary inconsistencies.



Question-19. What is the role of containerization in microservices?

Answer-19: Containers help package and deploy microservices consistently across environments.



Question-20. Why is DevOps important for microservices?

Answer-20: Because independent services require automated CI/CD pipelines for efficient deployment.



Question-21. What is the impact of network latency in microservices?

Answer-21: Network calls between services can increase latency compared to in-process calls in monoliths.



Question-22. What is a domain-driven design (DDD) in microservices?

Answer-22: DDD is an approach to design microservices around business domains.



Question-23. How do microservices handle security?

Answer-23: Through API security, authentication, authorization, and secure service-to-service communication.



Question-24. Can monolithic apps handle high traffic?

Answer-24: They can, but scaling requires scaling the entire app, which is less efficient.



Question-25. What is the strangler pattern?

Answer-25: A technique to gradually replace parts of a monolithic app with microservices.



Question-26. What is an anti-corruption layer in microservices?

Answer-26: A layer that translates between legacy systems and new microservices to prevent coupling.



Question-27. What are the common data challenges in microservices?

Answer-27: Handling transactions across services and maintaining data consistency.



Question-28. How does logging work in microservices?

Answer-28: Centralized logging aggregators collect logs from multiple services for analysis.



Question-29. What is circuit breaker pattern?

Answer-29: A design pattern to handle service failures gracefully by stopping calls to failing services temporarily.



Question-30. How do microservices handle versioning?

Answer-30: Services are versioned independently to manage backward compatibility.



Question-31. What is the role of orchestration in microservices?

Answer-31: To automate deployment, scaling, and management of containers and services.



Question-32. What cloud services support microservices architecture?

Answer-32: Kubernetes, AWS ECS/EKS, Azure AKS, Google Kubernetes Engine.



Question-33. What are the challenges of testing microservices?

Answer-33: Complex integration testing due to multiple independent services.



Question-34. How do microservices improve fault isolation?

Answer-34: Failures in one service do not directly impact others.



Question-35. What is the impact of microservices on database design?

Answer-35: Leads to polyglot persistence, where different services use different databases.



Question-36. What are monolithic applications best suited for?

Answer-36: Small to medium applications with limited complexity and lower scalability needs.



Question-37. How is scalability achieved in monolithic architecture?

Answer-37: By vertical scaling (increasing resources of a single server).



Question-38. What is service mesh and its relevance to microservices?

Answer-38: A dedicated infrastructure layer for handling service-to-service communication, security, and observability.



Question-39. What are the challenges of data migration from monolithic to microservices?

Answer-39: Ensuring data consistency and minimizing downtime during transition.



Question-40. How do you handle transactions in microservices?

Answer-40: Using distributed transactions or eventual consistency with compensating actions.



Question-41. What role does event-driven architecture play in microservices?

Answer-41: It enables asynchronous communication and decouples services.



Question-42. What is the impact on deployment frequency between monolithic and microservices?

Answer-42: Microservices enable more frequent and independent deployments.



Question-43. How does fault tolerance improve in microservices?

Answer-43: By isolating faults and enabling retries or fallback mechanisms.



Question-44. What are the costs considerations for microservices?

Answer-44: Increased operational complexity and resource usage may raise costs.



Question-45. How does observability differ between the two architectures?

Answer-45: Microservices require more complex observability with tracing and metrics across services.



Question-46. What is the impact on developer productivity?

Answer-46: Microservices can increase productivity by enabling smaller focused teams.



Question-47. What is a bounded context?

Answer-47: A boundary defining a microservice?s domain and responsibilities.



Question-48. How do you manage API versioning in microservices?

Answer-48: By supporting multiple versions simultaneously and deprecating older versions gradually.



Question-49. What is the role of caching in microservices?

Answer-49: To improve performance by reducing redundant calls to services or databases.



Question-50. What are the main trade-offs between monolithic and microservices?

Answer-50: Monoliths offer simplicity and ease of deployment; microservices provide scalability, flexibility, and fault isolation but with increased complexity.




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