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Question-1. What is a cloud firewall?
Answer-1: A cloud firewall is a security solution that protects cloud infrastructure by monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.
Question-2. What is a security group?
Answer-2: A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic to resources in a cloud environment like AWS or Azure.
Question-3. How are cloud firewalls different from traditional firewalls?
Answer-3: Cloud firewalls are hosted and scalable,whereas traditional firewalls are physical or on-prem devices.
Question-4. Which layers of the OSI model do security groups operate on?
Answer-4: Security groups operate primarily at Layer 4 (Transport) and Layer 3 (Network).
Question-5. What is an inbound rule in a security group?
Answer-5: An inbound rule allows specific traffic to enter the resource it is associated with.
Question-6. What is an outbound rule in a security group?
Answer-6: An outbound rule defines which traffic is allowed to leave the resource.
Question-7. Are security groups stateful or stateless?
Answer-7: Security groups are stateful,meaning return traffic is automatically allowed.
Question-8. Are cloud firewalls stateful?
Answer-8: Yes,most cloud firewalls are stateful and keep track of traffic sessions.
Question-9. How do security groups differ from NACLs (Network ACLs)?
Answer-9: Security groups are stateful and operate at instance level; NACLs are stateless and work at subnet level.
Question-10. Can a security group be attached to multiple instances?
Answer-10: Yes,a security group can be associated with multiple instances.
Question-11. Can multiple security groups be attached to one instance?
Answer-11: Yes,multiple security groups can be assigned to a single instance,and their rules are aggregated.
Question-12. What is the default behavior of a security group?
Answer-12: By default,all inbound traffic is denied,and all outbound traffic is allowed.
Question-13. How do you allow SSH access using a security group?
Answer-13: Create an inbound rule for TCP on port 22 from a specific IP or IP range.
Question-14. What is a CIDR block?
Answer-14: CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) defines IP ranges in a compact format,such as 192.168.1.0/24.
Question-15. Can security groups block specific IPs?
Answer-15: Security groups are designed to allow traffic; they don't explicitly deny traffic.
Question-16. What is a Web Application Firewall (WAF)?
Answer-16: A WAF is a firewall that protects web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic.
Question-17. How does a cloud WAF differ from a network firewall?
Answer-17: A cloud WAF protects application-layer traffic (Layer 7),while network firewalls protect at Layer 3/4.
Question-18. What is the purpose of a firewall rule?
Answer-18: To define what type of traffic is allowed or denied based on IP,protocol,and port.
Question-19. What happens if no rules are defined in a security group?
Answer-19: Inbound traffic is blocked by default,but outbound traffic is allowed.
Question-20. What is port forwarding in firewalls?
Answer-20: Port forwarding redirects traffic from one port to another,commonly used in NAT environments.
Question-21. How can you secure an EC2 instance with security groups?
Answer-21: Apply inbound rules to allow only necessary ports and restrict source IPs.
Question-22. Can you log traffic through security groups?
Answer-22: No,but AWS offers VPC Flow Logs to monitor traffic at the network interface level.
Question-23. What are common use cases for cloud firewalls?
Answer-23: Protecting virtual machines,controlling outbound traffic,segmenting network zones,and securing APIs.
Question-24. What are the limitations of security groups?
Answer-24: They can't explicitly deny traffic,and can't provide Layer 7 filtering like WAFs.
Question-25. What is a bastion host?
Answer-25: A bastion host is a special-purpose instance that acts as a gateway for administrators to access a private network securely.
Question-26. Can a security group be used across regions?
Answer-26: No,security groups are specific to a region.
Question-27. What tools can be used to manage cloud firewalls?
Answer-27: AWS Firewall Manager,Azure Firewall Manager,Google Cloud Firewall,and third-party tools.
Question-28. What is an ephemeral port?
Answer-28: Ephemeral ports are temporary ports assigned for outbound connections,usually in the range 49152?65535.
Question-29. What is a deny-all rule?
Answer-29: A rule that blocks all traffic. In cloud security groups,this is often the default behavior for inbound traffic.
Question-30. What is the difference between firewall policies and firewall rules?
Answer-30: Policies are sets of rules applied to resources,whereas rules define specific traffic filtering actions.
Question-31. Can you restrict outbound access using security groups?
Answer-31: Yes,by defining specific outbound rules and removing the default allow rule.
Question-32. What is IP whitelisting?
Answer-32: Allowing access only from specified IP addresses by configuring them in firewall or security group rules.
Question-33. How does a NAT Gateway work with firewalls?
Answer-33: NAT Gateway allows outbound internet access from private subnets; security groups define access to/from it.
Question-34. What happens if security groups conflict?
Answer-34: There are no conflicts; all attached security group rules are combined and applied.
Question-35. What are the best practices for configuring cloud firewalls?
Answer-35: Least privilege access,logging,monitoring,reviewing rules,and avoiding 0.0.0.0/0 unless necessary.
Question-36. What is a distributed firewall?
Answer-36: A firewall enforced at the hypervisor level,allowing micro-segmentation of traffic between VMs.
Question-37. Can security groups control DNS traffic?
Answer-37: Yes,by allowing or restricting port 53 (UDP or TCP) in the security group.
Question-38. What is the role of a security group in hybrid cloud environments?
Answer-38: They help enforce consistent access control across cloud and on-prem infrastructure.
Question-39. How can you audit firewall configurations?
Answer-39: By reviewing firewall rules,using cloud-native tools like AWS Config or Azure Policy,and generating compliance reports.
Question-40. What happens when you delete a security group?
Answer-40: If it?s attached to a resource,it must be disassociated before deletion.
Question-41. Can you automate security group management?
Answer-41: Yes,using tools like Terraform,AWS CLI,Azure CLI,and cloud SDKs.
Question-42. What is AWS Firewall Manager?
Answer-42: A security management service that centralizes configuration and monitoring of firewall rules across AWS accounts.
Question-43. What is the purpose of default security groups?
Answer-43: They provide a basic level of access control when no custom security group is attached.
Question-44. How do security groups affect scalability?
Answer-44: They help enforce consistent rules across resources,making it easier to scale securely.
Question-45. What is ingress traffic?
Answer-45: Traffic coming into a system or network,typically governed by inbound firewall rules.
Question-46. What is egress traffic?
Answer-46: Traffic leaving a system or network,governed by outbound rules.
Question-47. Can you prioritize rules in a security group?
Answer-47: No,security group rules are not prioritized; all applicable rules are evaluated equally.
Question-48. What are tagged-based rules in cloud firewalls?
Answer-48: Rules that apply to resources based on assigned tags rather than IP addresses.
Question-49. Can you use domain names in security group rules?
Answer-49: No,only IP addresses and CIDR blocks are supported.
Question-50. What is Zero Trust security model in cloud firewalls?
Answer-50: It?s a security concept where no entity is trusted by default,and all access is explicitly verified and enforced using tools like firewalls and policies.
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