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  3. Cloud Firewall and Security Groups Interview Question with Answer

Cloud Firewall and Security Groups Questions and Answers for Viva

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Interview Question and Answer of Cloud Firewall and Security Groups


Question-1. What is a cloud firewall?

Answer-1: A cloud firewall is a security solution that protects cloud infrastructure by monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules.



Question-2. What is a security group?

Answer-2: A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic to resources in a cloud environment like AWS or Azure.



Question-3. How are cloud firewalls different from traditional firewalls?

Answer-3: Cloud firewalls are hosted and scalable,whereas traditional firewalls are physical or on-prem devices.



Question-4. Which layers of the OSI model do security groups operate on?

Answer-4: Security groups operate primarily at Layer 4 (Transport) and Layer 3 (Network).



Question-5. What is an inbound rule in a security group?

Answer-5: An inbound rule allows specific traffic to enter the resource it is associated with.



Question-6. What is an outbound rule in a security group?

Answer-6: An outbound rule defines which traffic is allowed to leave the resource.



Question-7. Are security groups stateful or stateless?

Answer-7: Security groups are stateful,meaning return traffic is automatically allowed.



Question-8. Are cloud firewalls stateful?

Answer-8: Yes,most cloud firewalls are stateful and keep track of traffic sessions.



Question-9. How do security groups differ from NACLs (Network ACLs)?

Answer-9: Security groups are stateful and operate at instance level; NACLs are stateless and work at subnet level.



Question-10. Can a security group be attached to multiple instances?

Answer-10: Yes,a security group can be associated with multiple instances.



Question-11. Can multiple security groups be attached to one instance?

Answer-11: Yes,multiple security groups can be assigned to a single instance,and their rules are aggregated.



Question-12. What is the default behavior of a security group?

Answer-12: By default,all inbound traffic is denied,and all outbound traffic is allowed.



Question-13. How do you allow SSH access using a security group?

Answer-13: Create an inbound rule for TCP on port 22 from a specific IP or IP range.



Question-14. What is a CIDR block?

Answer-14: CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) defines IP ranges in a compact format,such as 192.168.1.0/24.



Question-15. Can security groups block specific IPs?

Answer-15: Security groups are designed to allow traffic; they don't explicitly deny traffic.



Question-16. What is a Web Application Firewall (WAF)?

Answer-16: A WAF is a firewall that protects web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic.



Question-17. How does a cloud WAF differ from a network firewall?

Answer-17: A cloud WAF protects application-layer traffic (Layer 7),while network firewalls protect at Layer 3/4.



Question-18. What is the purpose of a firewall rule?

Answer-18: To define what type of traffic is allowed or denied based on IP,protocol,and port.



Question-19. What happens if no rules are defined in a security group?

Answer-19: Inbound traffic is blocked by default,but outbound traffic is allowed.



Question-20. What is port forwarding in firewalls?

Answer-20: Port forwarding redirects traffic from one port to another,commonly used in NAT environments.



Question-21. How can you secure an EC2 instance with security groups?

Answer-21: Apply inbound rules to allow only necessary ports and restrict source IPs.



Question-22. Can you log traffic through security groups?

Answer-22: No,but AWS offers VPC Flow Logs to monitor traffic at the network interface level.



Question-23. What are common use cases for cloud firewalls?

Answer-23: Protecting virtual machines,controlling outbound traffic,segmenting network zones,and securing APIs.



Question-24. What are the limitations of security groups?

Answer-24: They can't explicitly deny traffic,and can't provide Layer 7 filtering like WAFs.



Question-25. What is a bastion host?

Answer-25: A bastion host is a special-purpose instance that acts as a gateway for administrators to access a private network securely.



Question-26. Can a security group be used across regions?

Answer-26: No,security groups are specific to a region.



Question-27. What tools can be used to manage cloud firewalls?

Answer-27: AWS Firewall Manager,Azure Firewall Manager,Google Cloud Firewall,and third-party tools.



Question-28. What is an ephemeral port?

Answer-28: Ephemeral ports are temporary ports assigned for outbound connections,usually in the range 49152?65535.



Question-29. What is a deny-all rule?

Answer-29: A rule that blocks all traffic. In cloud security groups,this is often the default behavior for inbound traffic.



Question-30. What is the difference between firewall policies and firewall rules?

Answer-30: Policies are sets of rules applied to resources,whereas rules define specific traffic filtering actions.



Question-31. Can you restrict outbound access using security groups?

Answer-31: Yes,by defining specific outbound rules and removing the default allow rule.



Question-32. What is IP whitelisting?

Answer-32: Allowing access only from specified IP addresses by configuring them in firewall or security group rules.



Question-33. How does a NAT Gateway work with firewalls?

Answer-33: NAT Gateway allows outbound internet access from private subnets; security groups define access to/from it.



Question-34. What happens if security groups conflict?

Answer-34: There are no conflicts; all attached security group rules are combined and applied.



Question-35. What are the best practices for configuring cloud firewalls?

Answer-35: Least privilege access,logging,monitoring,reviewing rules,and avoiding 0.0.0.0/0 unless necessary.



Question-36. What is a distributed firewall?

Answer-36: A firewall enforced at the hypervisor level,allowing micro-segmentation of traffic between VMs.



Question-37. Can security groups control DNS traffic?

Answer-37: Yes,by allowing or restricting port 53 (UDP or TCP) in the security group.



Question-38. What is the role of a security group in hybrid cloud environments?

Answer-38: They help enforce consistent access control across cloud and on-prem infrastructure.



Question-39. How can you audit firewall configurations?

Answer-39: By reviewing firewall rules,using cloud-native tools like AWS Config or Azure Policy,and generating compliance reports.



Question-40. What happens when you delete a security group?

Answer-40: If it?s attached to a resource,it must be disassociated before deletion.



Question-41. Can you automate security group management?

Answer-41: Yes,using tools like Terraform,AWS CLI,Azure CLI,and cloud SDKs.



Question-42. What is AWS Firewall Manager?

Answer-42: A security management service that centralizes configuration and monitoring of firewall rules across AWS accounts.



Question-43. What is the purpose of default security groups?

Answer-43: They provide a basic level of access control when no custom security group is attached.



Question-44. How do security groups affect scalability?

Answer-44: They help enforce consistent rules across resources,making it easier to scale securely.



Question-45. What is ingress traffic?

Answer-45: Traffic coming into a system or network,typically governed by inbound firewall rules.



Question-46. What is egress traffic?

Answer-46: Traffic leaving a system or network,governed by outbound rules.



Question-47. Can you prioritize rules in a security group?

Answer-47: No,security group rules are not prioritized; all applicable rules are evaluated equally.



Question-48. What are tagged-based rules in cloud firewalls?

Answer-48: Rules that apply to resources based on assigned tags rather than IP addresses.



Question-49. Can you use domain names in security group rules?

Answer-49: No,only IP addresses and CIDR blocks are supported.



Question-50. What is Zero Trust security model in cloud firewalls?

Answer-50: It?s a security concept where no entity is trusted by default,and all access is explicitly verified and enforced using tools like firewalls and policies.




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