Software Testing Types (Unit, Integration, System, Acceptance) Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Beta testing is a type of acceptance testing where the software is released to a select group of external users to identify any remaining issues before public release.

Answer-2: User acceptance testing (UAT) is performed by the end-users to ensure the software meets their needs and expectations before it is deployed.

Answer-3: System testing validates that the software meets its functional and non-functional requirements, while acceptance testing ensures the software meets user expectations and business requirements.

Answer-4: Unit testing helps catch errors early, improves code quality, and ensures that individual components are functioning as expected.

Answer-5: Regression testing ensures that new changes or updates to the software do not negatively affect existing functionality.

Answer-6: Unit testing provides a safety net for developers to ensure that code changes or refactorings do not introduce new bugs or break existing functionality.

Answer-7: In microservices, integration testing involves verifying that each service can communicate correctly with others and that data flows smoothly across services.

Answer-8: Top-down integration testing begins by testing the top-level modules first and then gradually integrating lower-level modules.

Answer-9: Bottom-up integration testing starts by testing the lower-level modules and then integrates them upwards to higher-level modules.

Answer-10: The "big bang" approach involves integrating all modules at once and testing the entire system, which can lead to difficulties in debugging if issues arise.

Answer-11: A test plan is a document that outlines the strategy, scope, resources, and schedule for testing activities, including the types of tests to be conducted.

Answer-12: Test case design in unit testing ensures that all scenarios, including edge cases and error conditions, are covered to validate the functionality of individual units.

Answer-13: System testing ensures that non-functional requirements such as performance, security, and usability are tested to ensure the software performs well under various conditions.

Answer-14: During acceptance testing, key factors to consider include meeting business requirements, ensuring ease of use, and confirming that all user needs are addressed.

Answer-15: System testing verifies that the software works as a whole, while user experience testing focuses on how the software feels to the end-user, ensuring it is intuitive and user-friendly.

Answer-16: Automated tests allow for quicker, more efficient unit testing, enabling continuous integration and faster identification of errors with every code change.

Answer-17: Mock testing involves using mock objects or stubs to simulate the behavior of real components in a system, isolating the unit under test.

Answer-18: A test case is a set of conditions or variables used to test a specific feature or function of the software, ensuring it behaves as expected.

Answer-19: Functional testing ensures the software functions according to the requirements, while non-functional testing evaluates aspects like performance, security, and usability.

Answer-20: Testing should stop when the exit criteria are met, such as achieving sufficient test coverage, meeting quality standards, and when the software is deemed stable.

Answer-21: Boundary value testing involves testing at the extreme ends of input ranges, as errors often occur at boundaries or edges of valid input ranges.

Answer-22: Equivalence partitioning divides input data into groups (partitions) where the behavior is expected to be the same, reducing the number of test cases needed.

Answer-23: Exploratory testing involves simultaneous learning, test design, and execution, where testers explore the software to find unexpected issues. It complements system testing by covering areas that may not be planned.

Answer-24: Test data is used to simulate real-world conditions, ensuring that the software behaves as expected with various inputs, including edge cases and invalid data.

Answer-25: Smoke testing is a preliminary test conducted to check if the software build is stable enough for further, more detailed testing.

Answer-26: Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing focused on verifying that specific functionalities or fixes are working after changes are made.

Answer-27: Configuration management ensures that the correct versions of software components, test environments, and documentation are used during testing, maintaining consistency.

Answer-28: Manual testing involves human testers executing test cases, while automated testing uses scripts and tools to execute tests without human intervention.

Answer-29: Test cases are prioritized based on factors like the criticality of the functionality, risk of failure, user impact, and the complexity of the test.

Answer-30: Load testing is used to assess the software's ability to handle expected user load and stress conditions without performance degradation.

Answer-31: Testing ensures that the software meets functional and non-functional requirements, reducing defects and ensuring quality throughout the SDLC.

Answer-32: System testing validates the entire system, while regression testing ensures that new changes do not affect existing functionalities.

Answer-33: Testing ensures the quality, functionality, and performance of software before its delivery, ensuring that it meets user requirements and expectations.

Answer-34: A test summary report summarizes the test execution results, including the number of test cases passed, failed, and the overall status of the testing process.

Answer-35: Testing effectiveness can be measured by metrics like defect density, test coverage, defect discovery rate, and the number of high-severity defects found.

Answer-36: Test automation ensures efficiency, faster feedback, and the ability to test more frequently, which is essential for large-scale projects with complex systems.

Answer-37: Unit testing is a type of testing where individual components or functions of a software are tested in isolation to ensure they work as expected.

Answer-38: The goal of unit testing is to validate that each unit or component of the software functions correctly on its own, ensuring early detection of errors.

Answer-39: Popular unit testing frameworks include JUnit (Java), NUnit (.NET), and pytest (Python).

Answer-40: Unit testing focuses on individual components, while integration testing checks how multiple components work together as a whole.

Answer-41: In Agile development, unit testing is done continuously with each iteration, ensuring that new features or changes do not break existing functionality.

Answer-42: Integration testing focuses on verifying that different software modules or components work together as intended when integrated.

Answer-43: Common integration testing techniques include top-down, bottom-up, big bang, and sandwich integration testing.

Answer-44: Stubs simulate missing components or modules, while drivers invoke the components being tested, typically used in bottom-up integration testing.

Answer-45: System testing is a type of testing that verifies the complete and integrated software system, ensuring it meets the specified requirements.

Answer-46: System testing involves testing the entire software system as a whole, while integration testing focuses on testing the interaction between different components.

Answer-47: Common types of system testing include functional testing, performance testing, security testing, and usability testing.

Answer-48: Acceptance testing is conducted to verify that the software meets the business requirements and is ready for deployment or delivery to the client.

Answer-49: The main types of acceptance testing include alpha testing, beta testing, and user acceptance testing (UAT).

Answer-50: Alpha testing is an early phase of acceptance testing, conducted by developers or internal teams before the software is released to external users.