Microservices Architecture Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Benefits include scalability, fault isolation, technology diversity, and faster development cycles.

Answer-2: Challenges include increased complexity, inter-service communication, data consistency, and deployment overhead.

Answer-3: APIs allow communication between different microservices, ensuring services remain loosely coupled and independent.

Answer-4: Service discovery is a mechanism for locating and connecting to microservices dynamically at runtime, often using tools like Eureka or Consul.

Answer-5: A gateway, such as API Gateway, acts as a single entry point for requests to microservices, providing routing, security, and load balancing.

Answer-6: Bounded context refers to defining the scope and boundaries of a microservice, ensuring it encapsulates a specific business functionality.

Answer-7: Communication mechanisms include synchronous protocols (e.g., HTTP/REST) and asynchronous messaging (e.g., RabbitMQ, Kafka).

Answer-8: The saga pattern manages distributed transactions by breaking them into smaller, independently executed steps with compensating actions in case of failure.

Answer-9: Microservices use decentralized data management, where each service has its own database, ensuring loose coupling.

Answer-10: Eventual consistency means that while data may not be immediately consistent across services, it will eventually become consistent through asynchronous updates.

Answer-11: Principles include single responsibility, decentralization, autonomy, scalability, and resilience.

Answer-12: Tools include Docker, Kubernetes, and OpenShift for containerization and orchestration.

Answer-13: Kubernetes automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized microservices applications.

Answer-14: CI/CD pipelines automate the building, testing, and deployment of microservices, ensuring faster and reliable software delivery.

Answer-15: REST is a resource-based protocol using HTTP, while gRPC is a high-performance RPC framework using Protocol Buffers for communication.

Answer-16: Anti-patterns are practices like shared databases or too many tightly coupled services, which go against Microservices principles and reduce scalability and resilience.

Answer-17: Best practices include defining clear boundaries, using lightweight communication, ensuring fault tolerance, and implementing security measures.

Answer-18: Failures are handled using patterns like circuit breakers, retries, timeouts, and redundancy.

Answer-19: The circuit breaker prevents cascading failures by stopping calls to a failing service after a threshold, resuming only when the service recovers.

Answer-20: Sidecars are helper components running alongside a microservice to handle functionalities like logging, monitoring, or networking.

Answer-21: Security is ensured using measures like authentication (OAuth2, JWT), authorization, secure APIs, and encryption.

Answer-22: Monitoring ensures observability, helping identify issues in performance, availability, or inter-service communication using tools like Prometheus or ELK stack.

Answer-23: Distributed logs provide a unified view of log data across all microservices, enabling better debugging and monitoring.

Answer-24: Load balancing is achieved using tools like API Gateway, service discovery, or load balancers (e.g., NGINX, HAProxy) to distribute requests across multiple instances of a service.

Answer-25: DevOps practices, such as CI/CD, monitoring, and containerization, facilitate faster and reliable deployment, scaling, and management of Microservices.

Answer-26: Common tools include Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack, Jaeger, and Zipkin for metrics, logs, and tracing.

Answer-27: In this pattern, each microservice owns its database, ensuring data isolation and independence between services.

Answer-28: The aggregator pattern combines data from multiple services into a single response for the client, simplifying data retrieval.

Answer-29: Security is ensured using TLS for encryption, OAuth2 for authentication, and mTLS (mutual TLS) for inter-service communication.

Answer-30: Caching reduces latency and improves performance by storing frequently accessed data locally or in a distributed cache system like Redis or Memcached.

Answer-31: Docker provides lightweight containers for packaging and deploying microservices, ensuring consistency across environments.

Answer-32: API versioning manages changes in APIs by allowing multiple versions to coexist, ensuring backward compatibility for clients.

Answer-33: A proxy, such as NGINX or Envoy, acts as an intermediary, handling requests, load balancing, and routing between clients and services.

Answer-34: Asynchronous communication is implemented using message brokers like Kafka, RabbitMQ, or ActiveMQ to decouple services.

Answer-35: A distributed transaction spans multiple services and databases, requiring patterns like the saga pattern or two-phase commit to maintain consistency.

Answer-36: Scalability is ensured by scaling individual services independently based on demand, often using container orchestration tools like Kubernetes.

Answer-37: Database sharding splits a database into smaller, more manageable pieces (shards), distributing the load and improving performance.

Answer-38: Logging is implemented using centralized logging systems like ELK Stack or Fluentd, aggregating logs from all services for better monitoring.

Answer-39: Examples include Spring Boot, .NET Core, Node.js, Django, and Flask, which provide tools and libraries for developing microservices.

Answer-40: CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) separates read and write operations, optimizing performance and scalability in Microservices.

Answer-41: Fault tolerance is improved by isolating failures to individual services, using patterns like retries, fallbacks, and circuit breakers.

Answer-42: Polyglot persistence uses different databases for different services based on their specific requirements, improving performance and flexibility.

Answer-43: Testing involves unit testing, integration testing, end-to-end testing, and contract testing, ensuring each service and their interactions work as expected.

Answer-44: Orchestration uses a central controller to manage interactions, while choreography relies on decentralized communication where services interact based on predefined rules.

Answer-45: Edge services are responsible for handling requests from external clients, often providing functionalities like authentication, routing, and rate limiting.

Answer-46: Microservices support continuous delivery by allowing frequent and independent deployments of individual services, facilitated by CI/CD pipelines.

Answer-47: The API composition pattern aggregates responses from multiple microservices into a single response for clients, simplifying client interactions.

Answer-48: The strangler pattern involves incrementally replacing parts of a monolithic application with microservices, enabling a smooth transition to Microservices Architecture.

Answer-49: Microservices Architecture is a design pattern where applications are built as a collection of small, loosely coupled, and independently deployable services.

Answer-50: Microservices divide applications into smaller services, while monolithic architecture involves a single unified codebase for the entire application.