Integration Testing Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Integration testing is a type of software testing where individual units or components are tested together to ensure they function as expected when integrated.

Answer-2: It ensures that different modules or services interact correctly, uncovering issues such as interface mismatches, data inconsistencies, and integration failures.

Answer-3: Types of integration testing include Big Bang, Incremental, Top-down, Bottom-up, and Sandwich integration testing.

Answer-4: Unit testing tests individual components in isolation, whereas integration testing tests the interactions between components or systems.

Answer-5: Big Bang integration testing is a strategy where all components are integrated and tested together in one go, rather than incrementally.

Answer-6: Incremental integration testing involves testing components incrementally as they are integrated, ensuring smaller, isolated tests and easier debugging.

Answer-7: Top-down integration testing involves testing the upper-level modules first and progressively integrating and testing lower-level modules using stubs for the unimplemented parts.

Answer-8: Bottom-up integration testing involves testing the lower-level modules first, then gradually integrating higher-level modules using drivers to simulate their behavior.

Answer-9: Sandwich integration testing is a combination of both top-down and bottom-up approaches. It tests middle-tier modules while using stubs and drivers for higher- and lower-level modules.

Answer-10: Stubs are used in integration testing to simulate the behavior of lower-level modules that have not yet been integrated, allowing higher-level modules to be tested.

Answer-11: Drivers are used to simulate higher-level modules or calling functions during bottom-up integration testing, helping to test lower-level modules.

Answer-12: Benefits include easier debugging, better isolation of issues, faster identification of errors, and a more controlled testing process.

Answer-13: Big Bang integration testing can be difficult because all components are tested together at once, making it harder to isolate and identify the cause of errors.

Answer-14: Dependencies in integration testing are handled by using mock objects, stubs, or drivers to simulate the behavior of dependent components.

Answer-15: Preparing for integration testing involves understanding system requirements, identifying dependencies, creating test cases, and selecting the appropriate testing approach.

Answer-16: A test case in integration testing defines the expected behavior of two or more integrated components, including input, execution steps, and expected output.

Answer-17: Common integration testing tools include Postman (for API testing), JUnit, TestNG, SoapUI, and Selenium.

Answer-18: Integration testing for APIs involves testing the communication and data exchange between different services or applications through API calls, verifying expected responses.

Answer-19: Regression testing in integration testing ensures that new changes or features do not break or negatively affect the existing integrated system.

Answer-20: Database integration testing involves validating the interactions between an application and a database, checking data retrieval, updates, and consistency.

Answer-21: System integration testing involves testing the entire system, including hardware and software components, to ensure they work together as a whole.

Answer-22: A mock object is used in integration testing to simulate the behavior of real objects or external systems, helping isolate the system under test.

Answer-23: Functional integration testing focuses on validating the functional aspects of integrated systems, while non-functional integration testing focuses on performance, scalability, and security.

Answer-24: Performance testing in integration testing is focused on evaluating the speed, scalability, and responsiveness of the integrated system under expected loads.

Answer-25: Logging and debugging are crucial in integration testing to capture detailed information about the behavior of the system, helping to identify errors and bottlenecks in interactions between components.

Answer-26: Key challenges include dealing with complex dependencies, handling incomplete systems or components, managing large datasets, and replicating production environments for testing.

Answer-27: Ensuring repeatability involves setting up a consistent test environment, using controlled data, and automating the test execution process.

Answer-28: Version control can be integrated with testing tools to ensure that the tests run against the correct version of the software and its dependencies.

Answer-29: Third-party integrations can be tested using mock objects, service virtualization, or by directly interacting with the external services if they are available and stable.

Answer-30: An integration test suite is a collection of tests that validate the interactions between different components, modules, or systems in the application.

Answer-31: Flaky tests can be handled by identifying their root causes (e.g., timing issues, environmental factors), stabilizing the tests, and improving test isolation and reliability.

Answer-32: Security testing during integration testing involves checking for vulnerabilities in data exchanges, access controls, and ensuring that security mechanisms work as intended in integrated components.

Answer-33: CI plays a key role in running integration tests automatically every time new code is integrated into the system, ensuring that new changes do not break existing integrations.

Answer-34: Error scenarios are handled by designing test cases that simulate failures, such as invalid inputs, timeouts, and network errors, to ensure the system behaves correctly under adverse conditions.

Answer-35: End-to-end testing verifies the entire flow of the system from start to finish, while integration testing focuses specifically on the interactions between components or systems.

Answer-36: Unit testing focuses on testing individual units of code in isolation, while integration testing ensures that these units work correctly when combined with other components.

Answer-37: Test data management is crucial for ensuring that integration tests are valid, reproducible, and reflect real-world scenarios for accurate results.

Answer-38: Smoke testing during integration testing involves running a subset of basic integration tests to ensure that critical systems and interactions are functioning before proceeding with detailed tests.

Answer-39: Microservices are tested using service calls, APIs, and network interactions to ensure that each service integrates well with others, often with mock services or containers for testing.

Answer-40: When components are developed by different teams, integration testing involves establishing clear communication between teams, using mocks for incomplete services, and ensuring that APIs and data formats are standardized.

Answer-41: Best practices include using automation tools, isolating dependent services, ensuring proper test coverage, validating interfaces and protocols, and maintaining good documentation.

Answer-42: Test environments can be managed using configuration management tools, virtual machines, containers, or cloud platforms to replicate production environments for accurate testing.

Answer-43: A contract in integration testing refers to the set of expectations for the interactions between integrated components, often defined by APIs or message formats.

Answer-44: Service virtualization is a technique used to simulate unavailable or under-development services, allowing integration testing to proceed without waiting for external systems.

Answer-45: The success of integration testing is measured by verifying that all integrated components function correctly, errors are minimized, and interfaces are properly handled.

Answer-46: Database migrations in integration testing are handled by running tests against updated schemas, ensuring data integrity and compatibility with previous versions.

Answer-47: Common tools for integration testing include Selenium, SoapUI, Postman, JUnit, TestNG, and various CI tools like Jenkins.

Answer-48: A test double is a generic term for any object that stands in for a real object in tests, including mocks, stubs, fakes, and spies.

Answer-49: Cross-platform integration testing involves ensuring that components integrate seamlessly across different operating systems, browsers, or devices using appropriate tools and virtual machines.

Answer-50: Integration tests are prioritized based on risk, complexity, and critical functionality, focusing on the most critical integrations and dependencies first.