MVC (Model-View-Controller) Architecture Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: MVC is a design pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model, View, and Controller, to isolate business logic, UI, and input handling.

Answer-2: The Model manages the data, logic, and rules of the application. It represents the business logic or database interactions.

Answer-3: The View is responsible for presenting data to the user in a specific format, such as HTML or a graphical user interface.

Answer-4: The Controller handles user input, processes it (often interacting with the Model), and updates the View accordingly.

Answer-5: MVC promotes separation of concerns, making applications easier to manage, scale, test, and maintain.

Answer-6: MVC was introduced by Trygve Reenskaug in 1979 while working on Smalltalk-76 at Xerox PARC.

Answer-7: By separating concerns, MVC allows individual components to be developed, tested, and scaled independently.

Answer-8: Examples include ASP.NET MVC, Ruby on Rails, Laravel, AngularJS, and Spring MVC.

Answer-9: Advantages include modularization, reusability, easier debugging, and support for parallel development.

Answer-10: Disadvantages include increased complexity and potential learning curve for beginners.

Answer-11: The Model can communicate with the View either directly or through the Controller, depending on the implementation.

Answer-12: MVC promotes reusability by decoupling the UI (View) from business logic (Model), allowing developers to reuse these components in different parts of the application.

Answer-13: MVC focuses on separating application layers, while MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) introduces a ViewModel layer to mediate between the Model and View, primarily for UI binding in frameworks like WPF.

Answer-14: A Router determines how user requests (URLs) are mapped to specific Controllers and actions in an MVC framework.

Answer-15: By separating logic into distinct components, MVC makes it easier to unit test each component independently.

Answer-16: In some implementations, the View may read data directly from the Model, but updates are typically mediated by the Controller.

Answer-17: The Observer pattern is often used in MVC for the Model to notify the View of changes, ensuring that the UI stays updated.

Answer-18: Common mistakes include tightly coupling components, overloading the Controller, and not properly separating concerns.

Answer-19: The Controller handles user events and updates the Model or View as necessary.

Answer-20: While both separate concerns, MVC focuses on user interaction (UI, input, logic), whereas layered architecture organizes code into logical layers (e.g., data, business logic, UI).

Answer-21: In an e-commerce app, the Controller processes a "View Product" request, the Model fetches product data from the database, and the View displays it to the user.

Answer-22: Alternatives include MVVM, MVP (Model-View-Presenter), and HMVC (Hierarchical MVC).

Answer-23: URL mapping connects user requests to specific Controllers and actions in MVC frameworks.

Answer-24: Challenges include keeping components loosely coupled, avoiding bloated Controllers, and managing complex data flows.

Answer-25: MVC allows developers to work on different components (Model, View, Controller) simultaneously without interfering with each other.

Answer-26: Data validation typically occurs in the Model or Controller, depending on the framework and architecture.

Answer-27: An action is a method in the Controller that processes user requests and returns a response.

Answer-28: MVC frameworks often include tools for handling asynchronous operations, such as AJAX in web applications, to update the View without reloading the page.

Answer-29: Dependency injection in MVC involves injecting dependencies (e.g., services, repositories) into Controllers to improve testability and maintainability.

Answer-30: MVC frameworks allow Controllers to handle HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for building RESTful APIs.

Answer-31: In client-side MVC, the framework runs in the browser (e.g., AngularJS), while in server-side MVC, the framework processes requests on the server (e.g., ASP.NET MVC).

Answer-32: MVC can be implemented in desktop apps by using frameworks like JavaFX or Swing, where Controllers handle input, Models manage data, and Views update the UI.

Answer-33: Partial views are reusable UI components that render specific parts of a page, reducing redundancy and improving maintainability.

Answer-34: MVC improves code readability by organizing components into logical sections (Model, View, Controller), making it easier for developers to understand the application flow.

Answer-35: Middleware in MVC frameworks processes HTTP requests/responses, often for tasks like authentication, logging, or session management.

Answer-36: Cross-cutting concerns are typically handled using middleware, filters, or separate services that the Controller interacts with.

Answer-37: Strong-typed views in MVC are views that are bound to specific data models, allowing for compile-time type checking and IntelliSense support.

Answer-38: MVC promotes DRY by encouraging reusable Models, Views, and Controllers, reducing code duplication.

Answer-39: MVP (Model-View-Presenter) separates UI logic further by introducing a Presenter, which directly communicates with both Model and View, unlike MVC where the Controller handles communication.

Answer-40: MVC's separation of concerns allows Models, Controllers, and Views to be independently tested, ensuring better coverage and easier debugging.

Answer-41: A ViewModel is a design pattern sometimes used in MVC to prepare data for rendering in the View, acting as an intermediary between the Model and View.

Answer-42: Scaffolding automatically generates code for CRUD operations, while templates are predefined formats for creating components like views or controllers.

Answer-43: MVC can be used in mobile apps by implementing frameworks like Xamarin or Android MVC, separating data handling, UI, and input management.

Answer-44: Filters in MVC are used to execute custom logic before or after a Controller action, such as for authentication, authorization, or logging.

Answer-45: Lazy loading delays the loading of resources or data until they are actually needed, improving performance and reducing resource usage.

Answer-46: MVC facilitates API integration by using Controllers to process API requests and Models to handle data interaction, enabling smooth communication with external systems.

Answer-47: Yes, MVC can work with other patterns, like using Singleton for global state management or Repository for data access abstraction.

Answer-48: MVC frameworks manage state using session variables, cookies, or hidden fields, ensuring state persistence across requests.

Answer-49: Razor views use a lightweight syntax for embedding server-side code into HTML, while ASPX views use a traditional server-side syntax and are more verbose.

Answer-50: RESTful Controllers are designed to handle HTTP requests in compliance with REST principles, providing specific actions for methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.