BDD (Behavior-Driven Development) Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: BDD is a software development methodology that emphasizes collaboration between developers, QA, and non-technical stakeholders to define the behavior of software through examples written in natural language.

Answer-2: BDD focuses on the behavior of the system from the user?s perspective using readable language (Gherkin syntax), while TDD focuses on testing individual units of code.

Answer-3: Gherkin is a domain-specific language used in BDD to define test scenarios in a human-readable format. It uses simple language and follows the "Given-When-Then" syntax.

Answer-4: A BDD scenario is defined using the "Given-When-Then" structure, where "Given" sets up the initial context, "When" defines the action, and "Then" specifies the expected outcome.

Answer-5: BDD promotes better collaboration, ensures clearer requirements, produces more readable and maintainable tests, and improves communication between technical and non-technical teams.

Answer-6: "Given" describes the initial context or setup, "When" specifies the action or event, and "Then" describes the expected outcome or result of the action.

Answer-7: BDD fosters collaboration by using natural language to describe software behaviors, making it easier for non-technical stakeholders to understand and contribute to the development process.

Answer-8: Common BDD tools include Cucumber, SpecFlow, JBehave, Behat, and Behave. These tools help automate the execution of Gherkin scenarios and integrate with various programming languages.

Answer-9: BDD encourages writing user stories in a clear and concise format using "Given-When-Then," which defines specific behaviors, leading to better understanding and more testable user stories.

Answer-10: A "Feature" in BDD represents a specific functionality or behavior of the system. It is described in natural language and consists of one or more scenarios.

Answer-11: A scenario in BDD is written using the "Given-When-Then" format to describe a specific behavior of the system. It defines the setup, the action, and the expected outcome.

Answer-12: Executable specifications in BDD allow tests to be written in natural language, making them accessible to all stakeholders and ensuring that they can be automatically executed to validate system behavior.

Answer-13: BDD is a methodology that defines system behavior using natural language, often before coding begins, while acceptance testing verifies whether the system meets business requirements after development.

Answer-14: BDD supports Agile by focusing on clear, well-defined user behaviors and enabling early collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders, ensuring alignment with business goals.

Answer-15: Stakeholders, including product owners and business analysts, play an active role in BDD by defining system behaviors in natural language and ensuring that the software meets business expectations.

Answer-16: A Gherkin feature file is written by defining the feature, followed by scenarios that describe the behavior using "Given-When-Then" statements. The file is typically written in plain text with a ".feature" extension.

Answer-17: BDD improves maintainability by providing clear, understandable specifications that are automatically executable, reducing the risk of breaking changes and ensuring that all behaviors are documented.

Answer-18: Yes, BDD can be used with non-web applications, such as desktop or mobile apps, as it focuses on defining system behavior rather than the technology stack.

Answer-19: Step definitions in BDD are code implementations that link the steps written in Gherkin (Given-When-Then) to actual executable code that tests the specified behavior.

Answer-20: BDD improves test automation by writing tests in a natural language format that can be executed automatically using tools like Cucumber, ensuring that tests are continuously validated against the software.

Answer-21: Complex logic in BDD can be handled by breaking down the behavior into smaller, more manageable scenarios, using multiple "Given-When-Then" statements, or introducing helper functions in step definitions.

Answer-22: A "Feature" is a high-level description of a system behavior, while a "Scenario" is a concrete example that demonstrates how a particular feature works in action.

Answer-23: BDD fosters collaboration by encouraging developers and testers to write tests together using natural language, aligning everyone on the expected behaviors and outcomes of the system.

Answer-24: Yes, BDD can be used for integration testing by defining behavior between different system components and automating the tests to ensure that components work together as expected.

Answer-25: "Scenario Outline" in BDD allows you to define a scenario template with placeholders, enabling you to run the same scenario with different sets of input data.

Answer-26: In BDD, database interactions can be handled by setting up the database state in the "Given" step, performing actions in the "When" step, and verifying results in the "Then" step using assertions.

Answer-27: "Tags" in BDD are used to group scenarios or features, allowing selective execution of tests or categorizing tests by types such as "smoke," "regression," or "critical."

Answer-28: BDD is primarily focused on behavior, but it can be adapted for performance testing by defining performance expectations as part of the system behavior and verifying them in automated tests.

Answer-29: Using natural language makes the tests more understandable to non-technical stakeholders, enabling better collaboration and ensuring that the system behavior is aligned with business requirements.

Answer-30: A "Feature File" in BDD is a file written in Gherkin syntax that contains the feature's description and the corresponding scenarios that describe the system's expected behavior.

Answer-31: Edge cases in BDD are handled by writing additional scenarios that test the system?s behavior under exceptional or boundary conditions.

Answer-32: Yes, BDD can be used in performance testing by writing behavior specifications related to system performance, like response times, and automating them for continuous validation.

Answer-33: BDD focuses on defining software behavior in a readable and testable format, while DDD emphasizes building models based on the business domain to guide software design and development.

Answer-34: BDD improves testing strategies by promoting collaboration and writing tests from a behavioral perspective, ensuring that tests are aligned with user needs and expected system behavior.

Answer-35: Cucumber is a popular tool used in BDD to automate the execution of Gherkin scenarios, allowing developers and testers to write executable specifications in natural language.

Answer-36: External dependencies in BDD are typically mocked or stubbed to ensure that tests are isolated and do not rely on external systems, ensuring reliable test results.

Answer-37: BDD can be scaled in large projects by organizing feature files into logical modules, using tags to manage tests, and integrating with CI/CD tools for continuous execution and reporting.

Answer-38: BDD helps define clear and concise acceptance criteria by using natural language to describe how the software should behave in various scenarios, ensuring alignment with business requirements.

Answer-39: A "Step" in BDD represents an individual action or assertion in a scenario, written in natural language (e.g., Given, When, Then) and mapped to code that executes the action.

Answer-40: Automating BDD scenarios ensures that the system?s behavior is continuously validated, reducing the risk of regressions and ensuring the software meets business expectations at all times.

Answer-41: The best approach for writing BDD tests is to keep scenarios simple, clear, and focused on one behavior at a time, ensuring that they are understandable and testable by all stakeholders.

Answer-42: Asynchronous code in BDD can be tested by using appropriate synchronization techniques or tools that allow tests to wait for asynchronous events before making assertions.

Answer-43: Context in BDD scenarios is important as it defines the initial state or setup, ensuring that tests are reproducible and the behavior being tested is well-understood.

Answer-44: The "Behavior" in BDD represents the expected actions or responses of the system when interacting with it, usually described from the user's perspective in natural language.

Answer-45: Scenarios can be prioritized in BDD based on business value, risk, or critical functionality, ensuring that the most important behaviors are validated first.

Answer-46: BDD fosters cross-functional collaboration by involving developers, testers, and business stakeholders early in the process to ensure that the system's behavior meets business expectations.

Answer-47: Yes, BDD can be used with microservices by defining behaviors of individual services and testing their interactions through scenarios that validate communication and data flow between services.

Answer-48: Mocks are used in BDD to simulate external dependencies, ensuring that tests are isolated and do not rely on real systems or services.

Answer-49: Common pitfalls include poor communication between teams, writing overly complex or vague scenarios, and failing to update scenarios as requirements evolve.

Answer-50: BDD improves software quality by ensuring that the system?s behavior is well-defined, validated continuously, and aligned with business needs, leading to fewer defects and better user satisfaction.