Software Requirement Analysis Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Requirements Traceability is the process of ensuring that each requirement is tracked throughout the project lifecycle, ensuring all requirements are implemented, tested, and verified.

Answer-2: Requirements Analysis focuses on understanding and documenting the needs of the system, while Requirements Design translates those needs into specific, detailed system specifications for development.

Answer-3: Prototypes allow users to visualize and interact with an early version of the system, providing valuable feedback that can clarify or refine requirements.

Answer-4: Acceptance Testing Requirements define the criteria and conditions under which the software will be tested and accepted by stakeholders, ensuring that it meets all functional and non-functional requirements.

Answer-5: Interviews provide direct, in-depth conversations with stakeholders, allowing for a deeper understanding of their needs, concerns, and expectations.

Answer-6: Requirement Prioritization involves ranking requirements based on factors like business value, feasibility, and urgency, helping to focus on the most important features first.

Answer-7: Conflicting requirements can be handled by negotiating with stakeholders, understanding their priorities, and reaching a compromise or finding alternative solutions.

Answer-8: A Requirement Change Control Process manages changes to the requirements during the project lifecycle, ensuring that any alterations are carefully evaluated and documented.

Answer-9: Tools like JIRA, Confluence, IBM Rational DOORS, and Microsoft Visio are commonly used for capturing, tracking, and managing requirements.

Answer-10: Agile Requirements are flexible, iterative, and often expressed as user stories, focusing on customer collaboration. Traditional requirements are more rigid and often documented in comprehensive specifications.

Answer-11: Software Requirement Analysis is the process of defining and documenting the requirements of a software system, ensuring that they meet stakeholder needs and expectations.

Answer-12: Requirement Analysis is crucial because it helps define clear objectives, reduces scope creep, minimizes risks, and ensures that the software meets user expectations.

Answer-13: The key stages include gathering requirements, analyzing and prioritizing them, documenting them, and validating the requirements with stakeholders.

Answer-14: Functional requirements describe what the system should do, while non-functional requirements describe how the system should perform (e.g., performance, security, scalability).

Answer-15: The types include functional requirements, non-functional requirements, user requirements, system requirements, and interface requirements.

Answer-16: A Use Case describes a specific interaction between users and the system, capturing functional requirements and how the system should behave in various scenarios.

Answer-17: A Requirements Specification document is a formal, detailed description of the software requirements, outlining both functional and non-functional needs.

Answer-18: Techniques include interviews, surveys, workshops, observation, document analysis, and prototyping.

Answer-19: A Business Analyst gathers, documents, and validates business requirements, ensuring they align with stakeholders' needs and are translated into clear, actionable system specifications.

Answer-20: Requirement Elicitation is the process of gathering and discovering the needs and expectations of stakeholders through various techniques such as interviews, surveys, and workshops.

Answer-21: By thoroughly understanding requirements upfront, potential risks such as scope changes, unmet user needs, or technical challenges can be identified early and mitigated.

Answer-22: A stakeholder is any individual or group that has an interest in the software system, including users, developers, managers, clients, and external entities.

Answer-23: A Feasibility Study evaluates whether the proposed software solution is technically, financially, and operationally feasible before proceeding with detailed development.

Answer-24: Functional Requirements describe specific behavior, actions, or features the system must have, such as login functionality, data processing, or payment processing.

Answer-25: Non-functional requirements describe system attributes like performance, security, scalability, usability, and maintainability.

Answer-26: A Requirement Traceability Matrix ensures that all requirements are covered in design, implementation, and testing, and provides a means to track their progress throughout the software lifecycle.

Answer-27: User Stories are short, simple descriptions of a feature or function told from the perspective of the user or customer, often used in Agile development for gathering requirements.

Answer-28: User Requirements describe what the end-users need the system to do, while System Requirements are technical specifications detailing how the system will meet those needs.

Answer-29: Requirement Validation ensures that the documented requirements are correct, complete, consistent, and aligned with the business goals and user needs.

Answer-30: Requirement Verification is the process of checking whether the software product meets the specified requirements, ensuring that the system built is as per the documented requirements.

Answer-31: A Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document is a detailed description of the software's functional and non-functional requirements, used as the foundation for design and development.

Answer-32: Scope Creep refers to uncontrolled changes or continuous growth in the project scope. It can be controlled by defining clear requirements, managing stakeholder expectations, and formalizing change control procedures.

Answer-33: Prototyping involves creating an early version (prototype) of the software to visualize and validate requirements with users before final development, allowing feedback to refine specifications.

Answer-34: Acceptance Criteria are the conditions that must be met for a software product to be accepted by the customer or user, ensuring the solution satisfies their needs.

Answer-35: Interviews with stakeholders help gather detailed and specific information about user needs, expectations, and business goals, forming a foundation for requirement documentation.

Answer-36: A Requirement Change Request (RCR) is a formal proposal to change or add new requirements during the project lifecycle, typically after initial requirements have been documented.

Answer-37: Challenges include incomplete or unclear requirements, stakeholder miscommunication, changing user needs, lack of documentation, and difficulty in aligning business goals with system capabilities.

Answer-38: Clear communication ensures that stakeholders' needs are understood, reduces misunderstandings, and ensures that the documented requirements accurately reflect what is expected from the system.

Answer-39: A Requirement Gathering Workshop is a collaborative session with stakeholders to elicit and clarify requirements, often involving brainstorming, discussions, and problem-solving.

Answer-40: Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) visually represent the flow of data in a system, helping to identify functional requirements and how data will be processed, stored, and communicated.

Answer-41: A Context Diagram is a high-level diagram that shows the system as a whole and its interactions with external entities, providing a clear overview of the system?s boundaries and its environment.

Answer-42: The IEEE 830 standard provides guidelines for documenting software requirements in a clear, structured format, ensuring consistency, completeness, and traceability of requirements.

Answer-43: Business Requirements define the high-level goals and objectives of the organization, ensuring that the software supports business needs and strategic objectives.

Answer-44: Stakeholder Analysis identifies all individuals or groups who have a vested interest in the project and helps understand their needs and how to involve them in the requirement gathering process.

Answer-45: Functional Decomposition breaks down complex system functions into smaller, manageable components, aiding in understanding, defining, and organizing the requirements more effectively.

Answer-46: Requirements directly influence the software design by specifying the necessary features, functions, performance goals, and constraints, ensuring that the design aligns with user and business needs.

Answer-47: Primary requirements are essential and must be fulfilled, while secondary requirements are desirable but not essential. Secondary requirements are often negotiable based on time and budget.

Answer-48: Completeness can be ensured by reviewing requirements with stakeholders, using structured methods (e.g., checklists), and ensuring that all aspects of the system are covered, including edge cases and exceptions.

Answer-49: Scenario-Based Requirements describe how the system should behave under various user or system conditions, often including specific sequences of interactions.

Answer-50: Validation ensures that the documented requirements align with the needs of the stakeholders, ensuring the system will provide value and meet business goals.