Error Detection and Correction Codes Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: A code is a system of rules to convert information, such as words, numbers, or symbols, into another form for communication or storage purposes.

Answer-2: Codes are used to represent information efficiently, securely, or in a format suitable for transmission or storage.

Answer-3: Types of codes include binary codes, alphanumeric codes, ASCII codes, Unicode, Gray codes, and various error-correcting codes.

Answer-4: Binary code is a coding system that uses binary digits (0 and 1) to represent characters or instructions in computers and digital systems.

Answer-5: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) is a widely used character encoding standard that assigns numeric values to characters, symbols, and control codes.

Answer-6: Unicode is a character encoding standard that aims to represent every character from every language in the world. It supports multiple languages and scripts, including emoji and symbols.

Answer-7: Gray code is a binary numeral system where two consecutive values differ in only one bit. It is used in applications such as rotary encoders to prevent errors during transitions.

Answer-8: Error-correcting codes are techniques used to detect and correct errors introduced during data transmission or storage. They add redundant information to the data, allowing for error detection and correction.

Answer-9: A parity bit is an extra bit added to a binary code to make the total number of ones either even (even parity) or odd (odd parity). It is used for error detection in data transmission.

Answer-10: Hamming code is an error-correcting code that can detect and correct single-bit errors in data. It adds redundant bits to the data based on the Hamming distance concept.

Answer-11: Huffman coding is a technique used for lossless data compression. It assigns variable-length codes to input characters, with shorter codes assigned to more frequent characters.

Answer-12: Huffman coding achieves compression by representing frequently occurring characters with shorter codes and less frequent characters with longer codes, thereby reducing the overall number of bits needed for representation.

Answer-13: In Huffman coding, a prefix code is a coding scheme where no codeword is a prefix of another codeword. This property ensures that the encoded data can be uniquely decoded without ambiguity.

Answer-14: Run-Length Encoding (RLE) is a simple form of data compression that replaces sequences of repeated characters or symbols with a single code indicating the length of the run.

Answer-15: RLE is useful in image compression for encoding areas of uniform color or patterns, where long sequences of identical pixels can be efficiently represented by a single code.

Answer-16: A cryptographic code is a system used for encrypting and decrypting information to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity in communication and data storage.

Answer-17: A key is a piece of information used in cryptographic algorithms to control the encryption and decryption process. It is kept secret and shared only between authorized parties.

Answer-18: In symmetric-key cryptography, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, while in asymmetric-key cryptography, different keys are used for encryption and decryption.

Answer-19: PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is a widely used cryptographic software that provides encryption and digital signature capabilities for secure communication and data integrity verification.

Answer-20: Error-detecting codes can detect errors in transmitted data but cannot correct them, while error-correcting codes can both detect and correct errors, improving the reliability of data transmission.