Electric Grids and Smart Grids Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: An electric grid is a network of transmission lines, substations, transformers, and distribution lines that deliver electricity from power plants to consumers.

Answer-2: The main components include power plants, transformers, transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, and consumer endpoints.

Answer-3: A smart grid integrates digital communication and advanced technologies to improve the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of the electric grid.

Answer-4: A smart grid utilizes advanced technologies such as sensors, meters, and communication systems to enable real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.

Answer-5: Benefits of implementing a smart grid include improved reliability, increased energy efficiency, better integration of renewable energy sources, reduced operational costs, and enhanced grid security.

Answer-6: Microgrids are localized grids that can operate independently or in conjunction with the main grid. They often incorporate renewable energy sources and energy storage systems to provide power to specific areas or facilities.

Answer-7: Energy storage systems, such as batteries, help balance supply and demand, store excess energy for later use, and provide backup power during outages or peak demand periods.

Answer-8: Sensors monitor various parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature across the grid, providing real-time data to operators for better decision-making and proactive maintenance.

Answer-9: Demand Response programs incentivize consumers to adjust their electricity usage in response to signals from the grid operator, helping to manage peak demand and stabilize the grid.

Answer-10: DERs, such as rooftop solar panels and small-scale wind turbines, can generate electricity close to the point of consumption, reducing strain on the grid and promoting energy independence.

Answer-11: Challenges include cybersecurity risks, interoperability of different technologies, regulatory barriers, high initial investment costs, and ensuring privacy protection for consumer data.

Answer-12: AMI enables remote reading of electricity consumption, facilitates real-time monitoring, supports dynamic pricing schemes, and empowers consumers with insights into their energy usage patterns.

Answer-13: PMUs measure the voltage, current, and frequency of electricity flowing through the grid with high precision and speed, allowing operators to detect disturbances and maintain grid stability.

Answer-14: Smart grid technology enhances grid resilience by enabling rapid identification and isolation of faults, rerouting of power flows, and restoration of service in the event of disruptions or disasters.

Answer-15: Grid interoperability refers to the ability of different components and systems within the grid to exchange information and operate seamlessly together, regardless of their manufacturer or communication protocol.

Answer-16: EVs can serve as distributed energy storage devices, providing flexibility to the grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, as well as help balance demand and supply through smart charging algorithms.