Reciprocity Theorem Viva interview Questions with Answers
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Question-1. What is the reciprocity theorem?
Answer-1: The reciprocity theorem states that the ratio of the current in one part of a network to the voltage at another part remains the same even if the positions of the current and voltage sources are interchanged.
Question-2. What are the conditions a network must fulfill for the reciprocity theorem to hold true?
Answer-2: The network must be linear, time-invariant, and symmetrical or bilateral.
Question-3. What does it mean for a network to be bilateral?
Answer-3: A bilateral network is one in which the relation between current and voltage do not change in either direction in the network. Also, a bilateral network consists of a circuit whose behavior or characteristics remain the same regardless of the direction of current through its various components.
Question-4. Is the reciprocity theorem applicable to passive networks only?
Answer-4: No, it is applicable to both passive and active networks.
Question-5. What is an active network?
Answer-5: An active network contains at least one voltage source or current source that can supply energy to the network indefinitely.
Question-6. What is a passive network?
Answer-6: A passive network does not contain an active source.
Question-7. In what scenarios is the reciprocity theorem particularly useful?
Answer-7: Reciprocity theorem is particularly useful in analyzing antennas, microwave circuits, and transmission lines.
Question-8. How can reciprocity be verified experimentally?
Answer-8: Reciprocity theorem can be verified experimentally by interchanging current and voltage sources in a network and measuring the resulting responses.
Question-9. Can reciprocity be applied to complex networks?
Answer-9: Yes, reciprocity can be applied to complex networks as long as they are linear and bilateral.
Question-10. Write mathematical expression for the reciprocity theorem for a linear network?
Answer-10: The mathematical expression of the reciprocity theorem in network analysis is V1/I2 = V2/I1, where V1 and V2 are the voltages across two branches and I1 and I2 are the currents through the same two branches. Another way tp represent reciprocity theorem is : Zij? = Zji, where Zij? is the impedance between points i and j.
Question-11. How is reciprocity theorem related to energy conservation?
Answer-11: Reciprocity ensures that energy is conserved in a network, as the power transferred from one point to another remains the same regardless of source or load configurations.
Question-12. Can reciprocity be applied to non-electrical systems?
Answer-12: Yes, reciprocity can be applied to various physical systems, such as acoustics and optics.
Question-13. Can we apply reciprocity to AC networks?
Answer-13: Yes, reciprocity applies to signals of all frequencies, including DC, AC, and microwave signals.
Question-14. What is the difference between the forward and reverse reciprocity theorem in network analysis?
Answer-14: The forward reciprocity theorem relates the voltage across one branch to the current through another branch, while the reverse reciprocity theorem relates the current through one branch to the voltage across another branch.
Question-15. How is the reciprocity theorem used to determine the transfer impedance of a network?
Answer-15: The reciprocity theorem can be used to determine the transfer impedance of a network by relating the input voltage and current to the output voltage and current at different points in the network.
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