Time Division Multiplexing Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a communication technique that divides a transmission channel into time slots, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted sequentially over the same channel.

Answer-2: TDM assigns each signal or data stream a specific time slot within a predefined time frame. Each signal takes turns utilizing the channel during its allocated time slot.

Answer-3: The purpose of TDM is to enable multiple signals or data streams to share a single transmission medium efficiently, maximizing the utilization of the channel's capacity.

Answer-4: There are two main types of TDM: synchronous TDM (STDM) and asynchronous TDM (ATDM).

Answer-5: STDM is a TDM technique where time slots are allocated evenly and synchronously to each signal, regardless of whether they have data to transmit.

Answer-6: ATDM is a TDM technique where time slots are allocated dynamically based on the availability of data from each signal. Time slots are not necessarily evenly distributed.

Answer-7: In STDM, synchronization is achieved by using a common clock signal that dictates the timing of each time slot, ensuring all signals are synchronized.

Answer-8: Advantages of TDM include efficient utilization of bandwidth, simplicity in implementation, and the ability to support multiple users or data streams simultaneously.

Answer-9: Limitations of TDM include the requirement for synchronization in STDM, potential for delay variation in ATDM, and reduced flexibility compared to other multiplexing techniques.

Answer-10: TDM is commonly used in telecommunications systems, such as telephone networks, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and digital multiplexers.

Answer-11: TDM can support full-duplex communication by allocating separate time slots for transmitting and receiving data, allowing simultaneous bidirectional communication.

Answer-12: The frame structure in TDM defines the arrangement of time slots within a transmission frame. It specifies the duration and sequence of time slots allocated to each signal.

Answer-13: In TDM, data from each signal is interleaved within their respective time slots in the transmission frame, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted sequentially.

Answer-14: In TDM, demultiplexing involves extracting the data from each time slot within the transmission frame and directing it to the appropriate receiver or destination.

Answer-15: Statistical multiplexing is a variation of TDM where time slots are allocated dynamically based on the data traffic load, optimizing the channel utilization according to demand.

Answer-16: In statistical multiplexing, time slots are allocated dynamically based on data traffic load, whereas in traditional TDM, time slots are allocated statically or in a predetermined manner.

Answer-17: Factors to consider include the number of signals to be multiplexed, data rate requirements, synchronization method, frame structure, and potential for future expansion.

Answer-18: TDM can handle variable data rates by allocating flexible time slots in ATDM systems or by using adaptive techniques to adjust time slot durations dynamically.

Answer-19: Delay in TDM systems can affect real-time applications such as voice communication, requiring careful consideration of buffering and latency management to minimize transmission delays.

Answer-20: TDM divides the transmission medium into time slots, while FDM divides it into frequency bands, and CDM assigns unique codes to each signal. TDM is more suitable for digital communication and is less susceptible to interference compared to FDM, while CDM offers higher security but requires complex encoding and decoding techniques.