Electric Power Transmission Questions and Answers for Viva

Answer-1: Electric power transmission refers to the process of transporting electrical energy from power plants to substations and then to distribution systems for consumer use.

Answer-2: The main components include power plants, transformers, transmission lines, substations, and distribution systems.

Answer-3: The primary methods include overhead transmission lines and underground cables.

Answer-4: Overhead transmission lines are cost-effective, easier to maintain, and have higher carrying capacity compared to underground cables.

Answer-5: Overhead transmission lines are susceptible to weather-related disruptions, visual pollution, and pose risks to wildlife.

Answer-6: Underground cables are visually less intrusive, more reliable during adverse weather conditions, and have lower transmission losses compared to overhead lines.

Answer-7: Underground cables are more expensive to install and repair, have limited carrying capacity, and are more challenging to maintain.

Answer-8: Transformers are used to step up voltage for efficient long-distance transmission and step down voltage for safe distribution to consumers.

Answer-9: Substations act as intermediate points between transmission lines and distribution systems, where voltage levels are adjusted and power is distributed to consumers.

Answer-10: Electricity is transmitted through transmission lines in the form of alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), depending on the system requirements.

Answer-11: Factors include the distance of transmission, conductor material, voltage level, weather conditions, and line losses.

Answer-12: Line losses refer to the energy lost as heat during transmission due to resistance in the transmission lines. Higher line losses result in decreased efficiency and increased energy costs.

Answer-13: Grid infrastructure connects various transmission lines, substations, and distribution systems into a unified network, ensuring reliable and efficient power transmission across regions.

Answer-14: HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission systems are used for long-distance transmission of electricity, especially underwater or underground, where AC transmission is impractical or inefficient.

Answer-15: HVDC transmission involves converting AC power to DC for transmission, then converting it back to AC at the receiving end, offering lower transmission losses over long distances compared to HVAC.

Answer-16: Safety measures include insulation of transmission lines, grounding systems, protective relays, and regular maintenance to prevent accidents and ensure system reliability.

Answer-17: Electric power is commonly (or usually) generated at 11 kV in generating stations in India and Europe. While in some cases, generation voltage might be higher or lower.

Answer-18: Smart grid technology enables real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of power transmission and distribution systems, enhancing efficiency, reliability, and resilience.

Answer-19: Renewable energy integration necessitates upgrades to transmission infrastructure to accommodate variable generation sources like wind and solar power, ensuring efficient power delivery to consumers.